What it is really like to live on a submarine

 

Dive the submarine! You sleep next to the torpedoes in a stinking, pitch black room with 80 other men - and have to climb a ladder to go to the loo...

 

Step Aboard The Navy's $2.4 Billion Virginia-Class Nuclear Submarine Christina Shaw / US Navy The submarines are the United State 's newest and most advanced submarine. The first Virginia slipped beneath the waves just eight years ago and only nine vessels have been completed. They take more than five years to build and run about $2.4 billion apiece. Here, we look at the Virginia class of submarines from stern to bow, finding out what makes these ships unique. We'll start in the engine room, move our way over the reactor, through the barracks to the command center and down into the torpedo room. The Virginia-class submarine is a new breed of high-tech post-Cold War nuclear subs Christina Shaw / US Navy The submarines are nearly 400 feet long and have been in service since 2003 US Navy The ships were designed to function well in both deep sea and low-depth waters David Nagle / US Navy So far, nine have entered service — here is Cheryl McGuiness, the widow of one of the pilots killed on 9/11, christening the USS New Hampshire John Narewski / US Navy Here are the USS Virginia's engines, which powers a pump-jet propulsor rather than a conventional propeller US Navy / Wikimedia Commons This design cuts back on corrosive damage and also makes the ship stealthier Tosaka / wikimedia The engine room, near the sub's stern, is the place where power from the SG9 nuclear reactor core drives the ship to nearly 32 mph when it's submerged James Pinsky / US Navy This hallway — extending from the engine room, over the reactor and through the living habitat in the center of the ship — is dark so that sailors can sleep James Pinsky / US Navy The ship has an airlock chamber with room for 9 SEALs James Pinsky / US Navy The SEALs can exit the sub while its underwater by passing through this airlock Andrew McKaskle / US Navy This lock-out chamber is in the center of the ship Andrew McKaskle / US Navy Submariners eat well — the quality of the food is designed to offset the stress and burden of living underwater for months at a time Roadell Hickman / US Navy As one sailor said, "It's like having comfort food 24-hours a day Jennifer A Villalovos / US Navy Going further toward the bow of the sub, the command center is directly beneath the main sail of the sub and where the navigators do their work Kevin S O'Brien / US Navy The command center on the Virginia subs are much more spacious compared previous submarines Kevin O'Brien / US Navy The command center doesn't have to be directly under the deck of the ship in the Virginia-class subs because there isn't a periscope. Peter Lawlor / US Navy The monitor the Commander is looking at is this is the sub's "periscope" — a state-of-the-art photonics system, which enables real time imaging that more than one person can see at a time Jeremy Lambert / US Navy The Virginia eliminates the traditional helmsman, planesman, chief of the watch and diving officer by combining them into two stations manned by two officers James Pinsky / US Navy The subs are equipped with a spherical sonar array that scans a full 360-degrees Jennifer Villalovos / US Navy The Virginia subs carry a full crew of 134 sailors Kevin O'Brien / US Navy Despite computer navigation systems all routes are plotted manually as well Roadell Hickman / US Navy Down below the command center is the torpedo room, where it is possible to set up temporary bunks for special operations team James Pinsky / US Navy The ships carry up to 12 vertical launch tomahawk missiles and 38 torpedoes Kevin O'Brien / US Navy Here an officer on the USS Texas fires water through the torpedo tubes as part of a test Roadell Hickman / US Navy The subs were designed to host the defunct Advanced SEAL Delivery system, a midget submarine that transported the Navy SEALs from the sub to their mission Jennifer Villalovos / US Navy The only thing in front of the torpedo room is the bow of the submarine, which contains sonar equipment and shielding designed to make the sub stealthier James Pinsky / US Navy Even as they are being built, new improvements and upgrades are being added into the design of the submarines US Navy That's what the U.S. has in the works beneath the waves

HMS Torbay has five decks and is about 280ft by 32ft by 32ft; a double-decker bus is 32ft by 16ft by 10ft, a football pitch is 330ft long.

 

Of about 300 military submarines worldwide, 11 are British.

HMS Torbay is a Trafalgar-class hunter-attack submarine built in 1984. It has torpedoes that can engage targets a dozen miles away, missiles that fly 1,000 miles with astonishing accuracy and sonar that picks up vessels up to 70 miles away.

Childhood dream: Danny Danziger takes control of the sub as he gets on board the huge HMS Torbay submarine In October 2001, it launched Tomahawk missile strikes into Afghanistan. It can also be involved in inserting land forces and intelligence gathering. It has a nuclear reactor that could power Plymouth. It makes its own water, electricity, oxygen and, on a daily basis, bread. It can get called to go anywhere at any time. The passageways are narrow, the ceilings low and numerous valves, pipes and ancillary pieces of machinery swoop down – even experienced submariners bang their heads. There’s a constant hissing from pipes and the corridors are illuminated by a pitiless, high-wattage fluorescent light.

Inside a sub: Danny Danziger was able to make his childhood dream come true by spending time inside the HMS Torbay submarine Everything forward of the control room is either a living, operating or fighting space, while everything aft is related to propulsion. The nuclear reactor is in the middle. The layout can be split into five compartments. The first, at the front, houses one of the two submarine escape compartments and most of the sleeping areas. Next is the services section. This has the control room, from where the submarine is driven, navigated and where the weapons control panel is located. It also has the sound room, from where sonar is operated; the galley; mess areas and, at the bottom, the weapon-stowage compartment – the ‘bomb shop’. Hidden depths: HMS Torbay comes to the surface out of the ocean as the sun rises Behind this is the reactor compartment, with the reactor heavily shielded in a container no bigger than a wheelie-bin. Aft of this is the manoeuvring room where the Propulsion Watch monitor the reactor. Below are the switchboard room and diesel generators. In the final compartment is the engine room. The ship’s company is divided into four departments: warfare, which operates and fights the submarine; marine engineering, which looks after the reactor, propulsion and fire; weapons engineering, which maintains the missiles and torpedoes; and logistics, which handles food and something about all aspects of the sub, no matter if they’re a propulsion guy or a weapons expert. If something goes wrong, the nearest person to it has to be able to handle it. ‘You don’t have the time to save a submarine that you would with a surface ship,’ explains an officer. Virtually everyone has a secondary and often a tertiary role – the leading steward, who serves the officers their meals, will also spend time steering the boat. There are many potential emergencies: the most dangerous is a administration. There are 125 submariners, all dressed in dark-blue heavy canvas trousers and a blue cotton shirt. As a submarine has no keel, it is difficult to manoeuvre on the surface in tight waters, so it was pulled by two tugs. Once free from hazards, the submarine can move under its own steam. On reaching the open sea, Commander Ed Ahlgren gives the order: ‘Dive the submarine.’ A few moments later the reply on the intercom comes: ‘Diving now, diving now.’ I clamber back down the vertiginous ladder and take a last deep gulp of fresh air as the main access hatch is shut. A few minutes later we slip under the waters. Once we’re under, there’s no rolling or pitching and unless you look at the depth dial you could be ten metres, 100 metres or 20,000 leagues under the sea. It’s the same with time: with no natural light, it soon becomes irrelevant if it’s day or night. In any case, a submarine never sleeps. The crew are divided into two watches; everyone works six hours on and six hours off, so unless you get to sleep immediately after your watch, you’ll be averaging a lot less sleep than six hours – it’s an exhausting gig. Every crew member knows flood. Submarines are mainly lost because of floods, usually the result of a breach caused by hitting something or being hit. It is one of the few emergencies where a submarine will surface: this reduces the pressure, relieving the amount of water coming in. As for accommodation, the ‘racks’ are small, narrow bunks, piled three high in a pitch-dark compartment – and there’s no dark darker than the part of a submarine with no lights.

 

Enormous: HMS Torbay has five decks and is about 280ft by 32ft by 32ft; a double-decker bus is 32ft by 16ft by 10ft, a football pitch is 330ft long

A metal pallet with one thin blanket and no pillow was to be my bed. I’m given a plum middle bunk, so I need to do a sort of swallow dive to get into it, followed by a silent prayer that I remain lodged there throughout the night.

On my second night, the fellow above me falls out. On either side of the bed, which was literally wedged between them, were stacks of Spearfish torpdeoes, and even bigger Tomahawk land attack
missiles, each so close I could have reached out and cuddled one.

There are often more men on board than there are bunks, so crew members use vacant bunks while other are on their watch.

The heads – naval term for loos – are one deck above the bunks. To reach them it’s a steep climb up a metal ladder while carrying toothbrush, razor and towel.

The submarine makes its own water, so everyone is parsimonious with it when washing.

In the control room, there are two periscopes: search and attack. Each complements the other, providing a television feed, high magnification for looking at long-range shipping and a thermal-imaging function for low-light conditions.

They do have an intelligence-gathering function, but periscopes aren’t used much now apart from ensuring ship safety – the days of submarines using a periscope to see what they are doing in a fight are long gone.

At periscope depth – when the submarine is lying just below the surface of the water – it is in quite a dangerous position as it can’t be seen and if it were hit by a ship it could be cut in two.

When the search periscope is raised, the navigational aids are updated by GPS.

However, when deep, the submarine’s position is calculated using tidal-stream predictions with recordings of the submarine’s speed and log.

Apart from when the periscope is raised, the captain can’t see where he’s going.

How long could you go without daylight, family contact, or any precise idea of where you are? A submariner on HMS Talent can do it for three months. Andrew Preston survived five days - and surfaced with a new respect for our silent service HMS Talent can stay well over 1,000ft down and undetected for months, producing its own oxygen and drinking water from the sea. The only limit to its endurance is carrying enough food, which means 90 days The only way into the 2ft-wide bunk is to commando-crawl headfirst into the darkness. To one side lies a Tomahawk land attack cruise missile. To the other is a no less menacing Spearfish heavyweight torpedo. There’s no way of knowing whether it’s night or day, or where, or how deep underwater you are. The only way to distinguish the days of the week is by remembering what you have eaten. Saturday is steak night; if it was a roast lunch then pizza in the evening it’s Sunday. Curry means it’s Wednesday. Nine inches above my nose is a steel rack, which holds in place four more 20ft-long missiles ready for loading, while just a few feet below me, beneath the submarine’s pressure hull and steel outer casing, is the Red Sea. This is the weapons stowage compartment, or ‘bomb shop’, where I am trying to sleep alongside £20m-worth of live weapons. They do at least provide comfort from the heat – my left leg is slumped over the aluminium capsule of the Tomahawk while my right arm hugs the cool torpedo. All I can see, looking back past my feet, is a round steel door surrounded by illuminated dials and marked ‘Torpedo Tube 2’. It’s one of five loaded and ready. Sonar operators track ships and submarines in the sound room; they can tell just by the sound the class of vessel, and can sometimes even identify a particular ship The only sounds are the whirring of the ventilation and snoring from young trainees who have just come off shift at 1am. The air smells surprisingly fresh, although there are hints of oil, wet towels and stale feet. Water is at a premium, and only the chefs and some crew from the engine room are allowed a shower every day. There’s also only one washing machine and tumble dryer. The ‘bomb shop’ is an overflow sleeping space. Most of the 125-man crew live crammed into three-tier bunk spaces, their only privacy a tiny green curtain they can pull across. Many of the junior submariners still ‘hot bunk’ too, sharing with someone on an opposite shift. The bunks are so cramped that submariners talk of ‘coffin dreams’. The most common are that the beds above are collapsing and set to crush you, or that you have been buried alive as you turn expecting to open the curtain and instead your hand hits steel. But working six hours on and six hours off, you soon learn to try to catch any moments of sleep whenever you can. Officer Of The Watch and the Lookout on the bridge At 3.20am, there are three short, loud blasts of the ship’s siren. ‘Harbour Stations. Harbour Stations’ blares out. Within minutes the whole crew are up and alert. We are about to enter the Suez Canal. Live was given exclusive access to nuclear-powered submarine HMS Talent for five days during her latest seven-month deployment. On board is an extraordinary, confined, calm and ordered world with its own rituals and routines and even its own language, ‘Jackspeak’. The boat can stay well over 1,000ft down and undetected for months, producing its own oxygen and drinking water from the sea. The only limit to its endurance is carrying enough food, which means 90 days. It’s easy to think of these boats, built in the Eighties, as expensive and outdated Cold War toys, but they are still perfectly designed for stealthy surveillance and potential attack. ‘She carries some of the most advanced weapons, and is also one of the quietest submarines in the world,’ says Simon Asquith, the commanding officer on Talent. Just as a ‘bomber’ submarine carrying our Trident nuclear deterrent is at sea every day of the year, and has been since 1968, so too the Royal Navy now always has a hunter-killer submarine such as HMS Talent ‘east of Suez’. They are reticent about exactly where they go, but look on a map and you’ll see Yemen, Sudan, Somalia, Iran and Afghanistan. ‘It’s great PR for surface ships if they have a success while doing counter-piracy, or if they board a boat and carry out a big drugs bust,’ says Cdr Asquith. ‘But lots of these operations have a submarine input and that’s never discussed, and rightly so. ‘They call us the silent service, but the danger of that is that we become the forgotten service, as very little of what we do can be reported. Even my wife has no idea what we’re doing 90 per cent of the time.’ With the Strategic Defence Review imminent, the Navy is concerned that it will take hits. It seems a decision over a replacement for Trident will be fudged, while some hunter-killer subs may be retired early or not have their lives extended, as replacements from the new Astute class, at £1 billion each, start to come on line. The weapons stowage compartment, where the Tomahawk cruise missiles and Spearfish heavyweight torpedoes are kept But they can’t afford to lose too many at a time when submarines are a growing threat. The number commissioned and being built worldwide is rising rapidly. Their lethal potential was shown in March when a torpedo from an unseen North Korean sub sank a South Korean navy gunboat. North Korea denies it, but 46 sailors were killed and it could have escalated into war. ‘Submarines are a surprise growth area,’ says David Ewing of Jane’s Underwater Warfare Systems. ‘India is working on a nuclear sub, which could have a destabilising effect, and currently has one on loan; Brazil is going like mad to build one and the Russians are starting to churn out the things. Iran is also trying to get as many mini-subs as it can, while North Korea has 88 subs. ‘Rogue states are likely to go for smaller subs,’ he adds, pointing to a new danger from smaller conventional submarines using AIP, or Air Independent Propulsion: ‘They have to go slowly but they’re very quiet, can stay down for a long time, about 12 or 14 days, and are perfect for use just outside a harbour when you can pop off anything coming out one by one – get one of those in the Straits of Hormuz and you’re looking at trouble.’ An officer is welcomed aboard as the submarine heads into Suez It’s 5.40am, the sun is slowly rising over the desert, and a small speedboat appears from an inlet, heading directly at us. The atmosphere on the bridge suddenly becomes twitchy. The guard carrying an SA80 rifle in the mastwell turns to face the boat. If required, there are also two 7.62mm machine guns mounted on either side of the bridge. Fast attack boats have been seen as a danger to navies since the suicide attack on the USS Cole in the port of Aden in Yemen. But Cdr Asquith soon relaxes – it turns out to be an Egyptian army boat. HMS Talent is leading a convoy northwards up the Suez Canal. Stretching out behind us is a long line of enormous container vessels and tankers, each separated from the one behind and in front by half a mile of clear water. It’s slow progress and will take us more than 12 hours from one end of the canal to the other. Dotted every couple of hundred yards on both banks, facing away from us, are what look like toy soldiers. Each carries a rifle across his chest, standing alone on top of a sand dune in what will soon be ferocious 40-degree-plus heat. Occasionally one dares turn to sneak a glance at the menacing black whale-like shape slowly gliding up the canal behind them. Relaxing in the Junior Rates Mess; all crew eat the same food, including the commanding officer On the bridge with Cdr Asquith is a local guide, while down below in the wardroom (or officers’ mess), an Egyptian army officer and an air force pilot are on board in case of communication problems with the sentries on shore. Although it’s Ramadan and they can’t eat, they have to wait and flick through well-thumbed magazines as the British officers, sitting beneath framed photographs of the Queen and Prince Philip, tuck in to porridge with golden syrup, followed by a full English with rolls baked on board and countless ‘wets’, or cups of tea or coffee. Food is hugely important for morale, with ‘steak night’ a highlight. It also helps measure out time – for example you hear ‘only three steak nights until we’re home.’ The White Ensign flies from the bridge as a guard keeps watch with a 7.62mm machine gun Considering the tiny galley, the lack of storage space and a budget of only £2.28 per person per day, the three substantial meals a day are impressive. Fresh fruit and veg and milk are a rarity, though. The junior ratings mess, senior ratings mess and wardroom all have the same food and, according to Cdr Asquith, the crew ‘choose not to drink’, although they make up for that on their boisterous trips on shore. There are limited opportunities to exercise: there are a few dumbbells, a bike tucked away among the sonar computer equipment, and one rowing machine at the aft end, the back half of the sub, which holds the turbine-generators, main engines and nuclear reactor. To get there is a trek in itself. You walk through thick steel airlock doors at either end of a tunnel over the reactor (look through a porthole in the floor and you see the wheelie-bin-sized core). Then go past the manoeuvring room, lined with reactor control panels and dials, and down a deck where the crew are doing a ‘Row The Suez’ challenge in aid of a children’s hospice. Officers on the bridge and the Casing Party below as the submarine arrives at Souda Bay, Crete Temperatures hit 45°C, so rowing just one mile while jammed between rows of grey cabinets in the switchboard room (basically an electricity substation), and knowing you’re just ten feet from a nuclear reactor is both exhausting and unnerving. Otherwise they relax watching recorded TV series (Californication and The Inbetweeners are favourites on this deployment) and films, or just read. Other boats have had an aquarium and a pet python, while the crew of a ‘bomber’ submarine built a crazy golf course. But on this deployment there’s been little time for leisure. As the threat of submarines grows so does the importance of anti-submarine warfare, and Talent has engaged in exercises and manoeuvres with US aircraft, Type 23 Frigate HMS Northumberland, and a Los Angeles Class submarine, USS Alexandria, and also, for the first time in recent years, with an Indian Navy submarine. This was on top of their covert work, keeping the boat running, and constant training and practice against fire and flood. On Saturday night they switch off the nuclear reactor, hoping to restart it after ten minutes. ‘Think of it as like a jumbo jet switching off its engines and then starting them again,’ says the deadpan XO (Executive Officer) Ian Surgey. ‘With a bit of luck we won’t sink to the bottom… anyone fancy a hot chocolate?’ Banter fills a lot of the time, much of it about the surface navy fleet, which they semi-jokingly call ‘skimmers’ or ‘targets’. While it is a source of great pride that all submariners know how their boat works so they can react in any emergency, and they all do multiple jobs (the wardroom steward, for example, does a 90-minute stint driving the boat), they like to suggest that their surface colleagues are less well informed. ‘They get up, go to the gym, train and do a write-up and get a cracking tan then finish by 4pm, and can phone or email home any time they like,’ says Leading Seaman Hackett. Differences became clear when some of the crews swapped for a day with HMS Northumberland. ‘Their Captain has a day cabin, an evening cabin and a three-piece suite,’ says Cdr Asquith. ‘The captain on aircraft carrier Invincible even has a Range Rover on board for him to drive away on. I’m lucky if there’s a Daihatsu hire car waiting for me when I get to port. I do have a space back at Devonport, though, where I park my Ford Ka, to the embarrassment of some of my crew.’ Commander Asquith (on right) and Lieutenant Commander Bull in the wardroom under a portrait of the Queen There’s little luxury for the commanding officer on Talent. He and the XO have napkins in silver rings laid out for them, and he also has his own cabin, but it’s tiny, with a sofabed, a desk and a wash basin. For a shower or the lavatory he has to walk down a deck and share the two loos and one shower with the other 17 officers. If they don’t exactly see themselves as an elite, submariners do recognise they’re different. ‘My wife and I were introduced to Prince Philip at a drinks party,’ says Cdr Asquith. ‘I told him I was just back from six months in the Middle East, most of it spent underwater. He looked at me and said “You’re mad.” He turned to my wife and said “He’s mad.” Then he just walked on.’ Once out of the canal, the sub comes into its own when it dives. Unlike in the films, this is a slow process. First the back goes down at a steep angle as the aft ballast tanks are opened. The front follows as the forward tanks are allowed to flood and the boat drives down. This is all managed from the control room. While Sean Connery in The Hunt For Red October had space to stride around, here the commanding officer sits on a tatty chair jammed in by the ladder to the conning tower. Monitoring the submarine's systems at Ship Control and the Planesman steering the submarine and keeping depth using the wheel When underwater the boat is driven using a wheel that allows you to steer and change depth. It feels responsive turning to port and starboard but to dive or rise you have to pull and push surprisingly firmly. As you get faster, the controls get twitchier. ‘A nuclear reactor, 125 crew, and half a billion pounds worth of boat… no pressure then,’ says the XO as I have a go 300ft down in the Mediterranean. The other cliché that’s absent is the pinging. The submarine uses passive sonar, so it listens rather than transmitting sound and waiting for it to bounce back. While at periscope depth, the search and attack periscopes can see as far as the horizon, but once dived the sonar operators become the eyes and ears of the boat. They can tell just by sound the class of vessel, and sometimes even narrow it down to a particular named ship. ‘Each vessel has its own signature,’ says Chief Operator Golby. ‘For example, merchant vessels have one shaft, warships have two, and each will have its flaws, which you come to recognise.’ When I listen I can hear a merchant vessel 50 miles away, as well as a lot of ‘bio’ – dolphins and shrimps. Overflow sleeping quarters between torpedoes in the bomb shop; most of the 125-man crew live crammed into three-tier bunk spaces ‘It was a good feeling to hide from Northumberland and send a green grenade at their bridge to simulate a torpedo, but to go up against an American sub in an exercise and win is even sweeter,’ admits Leading Seaman Hackett. On returning to the surface after a dive, going up the conning tower is a true assault on the senses – the sunlight burns your eyes, but it’s the pungent smell of salty seawater and fish that really hits you. ‘Quite often the first one up will throw up,’ warns Lt Richard Holland, smiling, as he sends me up the three metal-runged ladders that lead to the bridge. Once used to the light and the rolling of the boat, it’s a relief to be in the open air. ‘Yes, it can be beautiful, but less so in a force seven off Stornoway or in the Irish Sea,’ says Lt Holland. The crew can send and receive a limited number of emails when near to the surface, when they also get a news summary and the football scores, but once back home they will still have plenty to catch up with. HMS Talent set sail under a Labour government but returned to a coalition, and they are keen to know how this is going. Their knowledge of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is sketchy, and they also ask about the long-finished World Cup. The 29-bulkhead watertight door, which shuts off the forward escape compartment ‘I left with my children in one school year and will come back with them in another, having missed various birthdays and the whole of the summer holidays,’ says Cdr Asquith. ‘It’s very difficult for families – they really are the unsung heroes.’ While on deployment, the crew (average age 25) become a surrogate family, looking out for each other. Six more trainees qualify while we are on board. As they queue to get into the junior mess the new submariners can read Cdr Asquith’s message to the crew on the noticeboard. British hunter-killer submarines have fired in anger in Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan. It says: ‘We must always be ready to conduct operations and know that, in time of war, this will require us to inflict extreme violence on the enemy. It is in the darkest moments that resilience and a sense of humour are most needed.’ In that his crew will certainly not let him down.

High-tech: HMS Torbay is a Trafalgar-class hunter-attack submarine built in 1984 and it has torpedoes that can engage targets a dozen miles away Communications are complex, ranging from UHF (ultra-high frequency) down to very low-frequency waves, which can be received only when just below the surface. On a ‘sneaky’, intelligence-collecting patrol, a submarine won’t communicate for six weeks, but receives information daily by satellite when at periscope depth. Once it has surfaced, submariners can use email and go out on the casing to make phone calls and have a cigarette. At the port forward end of the control room is the boat’s control console, where a team of three drives the submarine. The planesman operates the control column, which is similar to an aircraft joystick. But unlike an aircraft there are 12 people on watch in the control room. Planesman Andy ‘Robbie’ Robinson admits this can prove trying. ‘You’ve got so many backseat drivers. It’s a nightmare.’ Forward of the control room is the sound room. When it comes to sonar, a submarine operating off Land’s End can detect a ship leaving Bristol and the operators are able to determine the number of shafts it has and the number of blades on each shaft, and so identify the type of ship. So, what do the oceans sound like? ‘The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, the Pacific are all much the same, but the Arctic is my favourite ocean,’ says Richie Barrow, a senior sonar rating. ‘When ice is starting to form, you hear ambient sound all around, cracking and groaning. Further inside the marginal ice zone, there are larger blocks of ice which creak, crunch and smash against each other. Then, as you reach the ice cap, it goes completely quiet.’ Apart from squeaking porpoises, it’s listening to whales that proves popular among submariners. ‘It really gets to the guys,’ says Barrow. ‘When you’re stuck on board, a million miles away from your family, the whales will make a grown man cry. They sound so sad and lost.’ Food has to last for three months and anything fresh is eaten within the first fortnight. But pizza bases and pastry are made by hand and, says one officer, ‘if you’re on the early morning watch, there’s nothing nicer than the smell of baking bread drifting up from the galley’. The menu follows the same pattern every week: Wednesday night is curry, Friday lunch is fish and chips, and on Sunday there’s a roast. The standard is superior school food. Once, when the Torbay’s task was extended by eight weeks, the crew were simply served less food to make it stretch until they reached port. ‘Effectively you get put on the Atkins Diet,’ says Lieutenant Craig Spacey. ‘You’re fed tins of meat and not many carbs. I lost over a stone-and-a-half. We ended up with one slice of bread per day.’ Being in a submarine takes a while to adjust to, even for experienced submariners. ‘You feel lethargic because of the lack of fresh air and your sleep schedule gets out of whack,’ says Lieutenant-Commander Dan Reiss, on exchange from the US Navy. ‘Then there’s the confinement and bumping into people all the time, which builds up over the first few days – guys get kind of angry with each other. But it becomes . . . I won’t say peaceful, but a comfortable way to live.’ As for health, viruses spread like wildfire in the closed atmosphere with coughs and colds in the first couple of weeks and in the final weeks when the men are run down. They do a dangerous and demanding job in uncomfortable conditions and don’t get the recognition they deserve.

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TERROR ATTACK IN NORWAY

 

 

Happy and smiling in the sun, youngsters on summer camp in Utoya the day before Breivik launched murderous rampage Politically-engaged youngsters were enjoying annual camp on Utoya Island Killer criss-crossed the island during 90-minute shooting spree as he chased down victims Anders Breivik claimed he would break out of prison after he was caught and kill up to five more people in a 'bonus mission' 33 people confirmed as being dead, but another 43 are still unaccounted for 32-year-old is being held in prison that was former Nazi concentration camp Norwegian police officially identify more of those killed and call off search for more bodies Detectives say they will interview Breivik again on Friday In glorious sunshine and attention focused during political speeches, these youngsters are pictured on a summer camp the day before the murderous rampage on Utoya island. Smiling as they enjoyed the annual camp, it is not known how many of the politically-motivated youngsters in this picture were killed when gunman Anders Breivik embarked on his 90-minute murder spree. For more than 20 years, members of the Norwegian Labour Party's youth group the AUF have descended on Utoya island for the annual camp, which features partying, music and debates. VICTIMS OF THE MASSACRE Sharidyn Svebakk-Bohn, above, was shot dead on Utoya Island during the 90-minute killing spree carried out by Anders Breivik. She is among 33 confirmed to have died in the twin bomb and shooting attacks in Norway on Friday. That still leaves 43 unaccounted for, with police looking for bodies in the lake surrounding the island.   The pictures were taken by the country's Foreign Minister, Jonas Gahr Stoere, just 24 hours before the mass shooting. It comes as dramatic details emerged of the moment police finally arrested Breivik after he had gunned down 68 people on the island and killed another eight with a fertiliser bomb in Oslo. Officers revealed they came within seconds of shooting Breivik as they stormed on to the island as they believed he might be strapped with explosives. Senior police officer Haavard Gaasbakk said: 'We could see that shots were being fired on the southern tip of the island. 'We could see ammunition hit the water, and we heard the cracks. 'We come to a forested area and the suspect stands there right in front of us with his hands high above his head. 'The situation was very tense, and they couldn't see - the way he was clothed, they worried he could have had a suicide bomber's vest.' Breivik's gun, a semi-automatic rifle he appeared to have modified to make it automatic, was found on the ground 50ft behind him. An armed police team was forced to commandeer private speed boats after their vessel developed engine problems on the way to the island. As they arrived, frantic youngsters pointed to where Breivik was still firing and the officers ran to arrest him. More than 600 people were evacuated from the island and officers set up an emergency treatment centre for the wounded. Details of the terrifying 90-minute shooting spree have also emerged, with Breivik crossing the island as he chased victims. The 32-year-old got off a ferry armed with his rifle, a pistol and carrying ammunition in a bag at 5.07pm on Friday. Thirty seconds later he shot dead Monica Busei, 45, and off-duty policeman Trond Berntsen, 51, near houses on the island. He then calls a group of youngsters together at a cafe, claiming he has important news on the Oslo bombing, before executing them. At 5.15pm, Breivik stalks through the island camp site shooting youths as they try to run away, before reaching a track called Love Path where he kills the majority of his victims. Police are alerted at 5.33pm, as Breivik shoots people who have jumped into the lake or climbed trees in a desperate bid to get away. Armed police arrive at the island at 6.26pm, when Breivik drops his weapon and surrenders. Destruction: This image showing the crater was taken minutes after the bomb blast in Oslo Norwegian police said today they will interrogate Breivik again tomorrow over the bombing and shooting. Police lawyer Paal-Fredrik Hjort Kraby told a news conference they will question him for the second time, but did not indicate what they will ask him. Breivik was first questioned for seven hours on the day after the attack. He has confessed to the attacks, claiming he was trying to save the Western world from Muslim colonisation, but denies responsibility for the killing. His lawyer said he considers himself a 'saviour' and is likely insanse. Last night Norwegian police officially identified more of the people killed in both attacks. Parents of foreign students who were at the camp have also travelled to the Scandinavian country in the hope their children survived. The body of a young Georgian woman has been identified this morning. Tamta Liparteliani, a university graduate and Young Socialists activist, was found at the bottom of the lake with gunshot wounds to her back. She was identified by her fingerprints. A Romanian woman whose daughter was also on the island said she had called and texted her 'hundreds of times' since the attack, but now believes she is dead. Anca Holst said 15-year-old Karin Elena Holst phoned her to say a man was 'shooting everyone'. The petrified girl did not want to hang up, but her mother urged her to stop talking and hide, she told Romanian TV. But she has not heard from her since. 'I think my child is dead,' she said. Before launching his attacks, which killed a total of 76 people, Breivik wrote of his allegiance to the Knights Templar - which he described as a secret society created to carry out a crusade against Islam in Europe. A British man called Paul Ray, who writes an anti-Muslim blog called 'Lionheart', has claimed the group does exist and he was one of its founders. But he denied any contact with Breivik and denied he was the Norwegian's mentor. In his manifesto, Breivik claimed the group was created at a meeting in London in 2002 and he was mentored by a man called 'Richard (the Lionhearted)'. The medieval Knights Templar was a Christian military order founded in the early 12th century whose members, wearing white mantles with a red cross, became one of the most formidable fighting forces of the Crusades. It was dissolved in 1312. Mass murderer caught on CCTV: Anders Breivik pictured with gun in hand fleeing Oslo bomb scene... en route to deadly rampage on Utoya   Clad head-to-toe in black body armour and brandishing a handgun, this chilling CCTV image captures Anders Breivik on the brink of committing mass murder. The 32-year-old Norwegian fanatic is seen shortly after parking a van containing a huge bomb outside government offices in central Oslo. It was to explode just six minutes later, killing eight people and injuring dozens more. By the time Breivik was caught on security camera, twisting back to check the empty street behind him, he was already en route to carry out an even worse atrocity. Caught on camera: Norwegian bomber Anders Behring Breivik holding a gun while escaping from the car in which he planted a bomb His final destination was to be the picturesque island of Utoya, 25 miles away, where hundreds of young people were attending a holiday camp. The right-wing extremist killed 69 in a 79-minute long rampage after tricking his way onto the island with a fake ID. The series of haunting images showing Breivik dressed in the dark police uniform that won his victims' trust, brandishing a weapon as lifeless bodies float in the shallows, shocked Norway and the world. Damage: Smoke billows from a 17-storey government building after the blast rocked central Oslo Survivors described the full horror of how the killer went on his deadly rampage, killing teenagers aged 14 to 19 at the youth camp. They told in chilling detail how the gunman mowed down victims with a machine gun before clinically shooting them in the head with a shotgun. He also shot from the shore at terrified youngsters who had dived into the lake in a desperate attempt to escape. One survivor told how he escaped by playing dead and hiding under victims' bodies as the gunman opened fire. Horror: This image taken from a helicopter allegedly shows Breivik walking gun in hand among bodies on Utoeya island Teenagers on the Norwegian holiday island of Utoya had to 'swim for their lives' and hide in trees when the gunman fired indiscriminately at them Innocent victims: One unidentified teenage girl described how the killer had gathered his victims around before opening fire As Breivik fired round upon round - many aimed at people's backs as they ran away - eyewitnesses said the killer screamed: 'You all must die.' One unidentified teenage girl described how the killer had gathered his victims around before opening fire. She said: 'He just said, “Come and be together.” Then people went up to him and he just shot them.' Breivik has admitted the murders but claims he carried them out to save Europe from a Muslim ‘takeover.' Blighted: Prime minister Jens Stoltenberg said the island had been transformed from a youth paradise into hell Chilling: A photo of Breivik aiming a gun was taken from his 1,516 page and 777,724 word manifesto posted online After the terrible tragedy prime minister Jens Stoltenberg said: 'What happened at Utoya is a national tragedy. Not since World War Two has our country seen a greater crime. 'And what hurts more is that this place where I have been every summer since 1979, and where I have experienced joy, commitment and security, has been hit by brutal violence – a youth -paradise has been transformed into a hell.' The Queen also sent a message to the King of Norway, which read: 'I am deeply saddened and shocked by the tragic loss of life of so many people on the island of Utoya and in Oslo. Recounting the crime: Wearing a bullet-proof vest and yellow harness, Breivik reconstructed his actions for police Reconstruction: Breivik appears to smile as he makes a shooting gesture during the re-enactment Prince Philip joins me in extending our heartfelt sympathy to Your Majesty and the people of Norway. Our prayers and thoughts are with everyone who has been affected by the dreadful atrocity.' It emerged that Breivik - who owns a farm - bought six tons of fertiliser from a farm supply store on May 4. A spokeswoman for agricultural supply company Felleskjopet said: 'It was a small, normal order for a standard agricultural producer.' He had also published a manifesto hundreds of pages long online before carrying out the killings on July 22. Massacre: Flowers are left at Utoya Island, the scene of the horror It has emerged he had been in contact with hundreds of British right-wing extremists for around two years before the massacre. The new image was obtained and broadcast by Norwegian ABC Nyheter and is believed to be authentic. It is understood the gun Breivik is carrying was later recovered by police on Utoya. Breivik is currently awaiting trial and faces a maximum jail sentence of 21 years. Confessed: Anders Breivik (in red) appears on his way to court in Oslo   Fascism behind a mask of morality All over the world, the initial reaction to the atrocity in Norway was to blame Islamist terrorists. That such horrific carnage could be inflicted in two locations within so short a space of time followed the pattern of the meticulously planned, sophisticated attacks carried out by groups such as Al Qaeda. It seems almost unthinkable that it could have been perpetrated by a fair-haired Norwegian from the Far Right with a demonic loathing for his country and its citizens. After all, Norway is known as one of the most progressive social democracies in the world, the home of the Nobel Peace Prize, and recognised for its good deeds around the world. It is achingly beautiful, as well as prosperous – it became enormously rich through North Sea gas and oil – and its quality of life is so high that it has been recognised repeatedly by the United Nations as the best place to live in the world. Baffling: Breivik came from a country known around the world for its peaceful, democratic government But as more has been learned about the monstrous killer Anders Behring Breivik, light has been shone on the dark undercurrents of a country which normally keeps them hidden behind its usually relaxed and affluent demeanour. More... Cruel trick of the bogus policeman: How Anders Breivik lured his victims into the open then killed them Did Norwegian maniac plot his gun rampage in London? As death toll rises to 93, extremist reveals chilling UK link 'I have reserved 2,000 euros for a high quality escort one week before the mission': Confessions of a man about to commit mass murder Gunman used 'exploding' Dum-dum bullets on deadly rampage as picture shows how desperate victims barricaded themselves in with mattresses Mummy's boy who lurched to the Right was 'privileged' son of diplomat Gunman had links to UK far-Right groups: Killer claimed to have discussions with English Defence League Breivik is as pathetically deranged as he is evil. A Christian loner, his internet postings reveal an obsession with the Knights Templar and Freemasonry – both stock elements in the minds of conspiracy theorists. But in his virulent opposition to immigration and Islam, he is, disturbingly, less out of step with Norwegian public opinion than you might expect. Anders Behring Breivik had a demonic loathing for his own people Breivik is fixated on the effects of multiculturalism on a Norwegian society which only a few generations ago was solidly white, and largely consisted of just farmers and fishermen. And those views mirror a deeply worrying rise in the popularity of Norway’s Far Right. Today, 12 per cent of the country’s near-5million people are immigrants or born to immigrant families. Like the rest of Scandinavia, Norway has welcomed in countless hundred thousands of incomers even though, unlike Britain and other European countries such as France, the country has no imperial history which obliges it to do so. The result is that the far-Right Progress Party – which has been likened to the English Defence League and of which Breivik was a member – received 23 per  cent of the vote in Norway’s  2009 election. But it is not just Norway. The populist Right has surged throughout Scandinavia, where there is an unsavoury history of popular Fascism. In Finland, the popularity of the nationalist True Finns party has gone from from 4 per cent to 19 per cent almost overnight. In Denmark, the Right-wing Danish People’s Party nowadays wins around 13 per cent of the vote and props up the ruling coalition. The main planks of its manifesto are an end to non-Western immigration and an insistence that existing immigrants assimilate completely into Danish culture. As one of their leading members expressed it: ‘Copenhagen should never become like Beirut’. In Sweden, the populist Sweden Democrats – slogan ‘Keep Sweden Swedish’ – might not have fared so well in political terms, but neo-Nazism is alive and well in the country. For evidence, you need look no further than perhaps the most famous Swede of all – the late crime writer Stieg Larsson, who wrote The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. Before he turned his hand to fiction, he was a crusading journalist who spent his working life trying to expose his country’s neo-Nazi underworld, and Sweden is still full of conspiracy theories suggesting that he was murdered by the Far Right. Paying respects: A 'mass for sorrow and hope' is held in Oslo Cathedral following the gruesome attacks Contemporary Scandinavia has always been adroit at presenting itself as a benign force in the world, heavily involved – in a moralising sort of way – in most humanitarian organisations. And the population seems to accept largely Social Democrat governments based on high incomes, high taxes and very generous welfare provision. The truth is, however, that  the Far Right is never far from  the surface in these countries and, as immigration increases,  its resurgence is cause for  serious concern. To understand why, we have to look at Scandinavia’s past – and, particularly, its role in the Second World War. Occupied Denmark was indirectly ruled by the German Foreign Office, and quietly got on with supplying Nazi Germany with butter and herrings. Sweden might have been neutral throughout the war, but it supplied Nazi Germany with ten million tons of iron ore a year and allowed the trans-shipment of German troops to both Norway and the Soviet Union. Finland was an important ally on Hitler’s side, although it confined its aggression towards the Soviet Union. And all four Scandinavian countries provided large numbers of volunteers to the Waffen-SS, where their height and blondness were especially welcomed. The 5th SS Panzer (Viking) Division was especially feared; its medical officer was Joseph Mengele, later the monster medical experimenter of Auschwitz. Similarity: Right-wing Oklahoma bomber Timothy McVeigh Norway, however, was unique in that it had its own home-grown Fascist government throughout the Second World War. After the Germans invaded in April 1940, they found a willing client in Vidkun Quisling, the leader of a small Fascist party, whose name quickly became internationally synonymous with ‘traitor’. The Germans kept him on a tight leash until early 1942, when he realised his life’s wish of becoming Minister-President, moving into a villa named Gimlé after the mythological Valhalla to which warring Viking gods had passed on. Norway became a one-party state, in which the country’s tiny Jewish population was persecuted. Many Norwegians joined a British-backed resistance movement, whose most legendary feat was to destroy the Vermork heavy-water plant which Hitler was using to develop an atomic weapon. Quisling surrendered at the end of the war and was tried and sentenced to be executed by firing squad. His former home is now a Holocaust museum. Breivik might well be a one-off or lone wolf killer, analogous to the Oklahoma bomber Timothy McVeigh or the British neo-Nazi David Copeland, who murdered gay patrons of Soho’s Admiral Duncan pub with nail bombs, with further attacks in Brixton and Brick Lane against ethnic minorities. But the history of the Far Right in Norway and its neighbouring countries suggests we might not have seen the last of the Breiviks of this world.   Anti-immigration ally of Silvio Berlusconi says Breivik had 'some excellent ideas' A coalition ally of Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi has provoked outrage after he praised the rantings of Norwegian right-wing terrorist Anders Behring Breivik. Mario Borghezio, an MEP with the anti-immigration Northern League party, who have campaigned against Muslims and the building of mosques, said Breivik had some 'excellent' ideas. Speaking on an Italian radio show he said he agreed with the maniac's 'opposition to Islam and his explicit accusation that Europe has surrendered before putting up a fight against its Islamisation.' 'Excellent' ideas: Mario Borghezio, an Italian MEP for the anti-immigration Northern League party, left, said he agreed with terrorist mass-murderer Anders Breivik, right, on his views about Muslim immigrants and Islam in Europe Though Borghezio added that he did not however agree with the use of extreme violence, or Breivik's anti-Papal views, his comments immediately unleashed a storm of fury with his own party apologising to still grieving Norway. Northern League chief Roberto Calderoli said: 'His comments are terrible and completely unqualified and we can only apologise to the families of the victims for the delirium of what he said.' More... Mummy, there's a madman here shooting people: A terrified mother's text ordeal as daughter cowers on Utoya How many did I murder? Gunman asks what toll was and talks of '60-year war' The male model, the crown princess's stepbrother and a host of politicians' children: Police release IDs of Norwegian gunman's 76 victims The Northern League is a key ally of Berlusconi's ruling right-wing coalition and, although the prime minister did not comment personally, members of his party also rounded on Mr Borghezio. Carlo Giovanardi, an MP for the Christian Democratic Party, said: 'Is it too much to ask for our Northern League friends to throw Borghezio out of their party? 'We have vain hopes he will resign for what he said but that is unlikely to happen.' Italy's Foreign Minister Franco Frattini also stepped into the row over Borghezio's comments and said: 'He should offer Norway his personal apologies. 'We as a government cannot intervene directly with an MEP - but we have made it very clear that the best course of action would be for him to make a personal apology. 'His own party has disassociated themselves from him and that is a very important sign - he must feel the duty to say himself that he is sorry for what he said. 'Any message of racism, xenophobia and exclusion or which leads to an incitement of violence or an emulation of violence must be condemned.' Horror: This picture shows Breivik stalking Utoya island, surrounded by the bodies of his young victims, with one in the water pleading for his life Terror: Debris is seen on the street after the car bomb planted by Breivik detonated outside a government building in Oslo Today internet forums were ablaze with furious comments against Borghezio with one popular post saying that he 'needs to be locked up in a mental asylum and have the key thrown away.' But there were some comments in his favour with some saying he was 'speaking the truth' and calling on the Northern League to 'support him instead of attack him'. A new headache: Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi is still reeling from national debt problems and a string of high profile scandals Borghezio himself was unrepentant and added: 'I said what I said because I have the impression this massacre has a purpose, I don't think this lunatic meant his act to have this outcome. 'What we should ask ourselves is how can someone who was supposed to have been on a watch list been allowed to go around and do what he did? 'Christians should not be sacrificial animals - they should be defended.' Borghezio has a long history of anti-immigration campaigning - in 2005 he was found guilty of arson, after setting fire to pallets of some migrants sleeping under a bridge in Turin during a vigilante raid. The centre-left opposition called for Borghezio to resign from the European Parliament. David Sassoli, an MEP with Italy's Democratic Left opposition, said: 'It is a matter of shame for all of us that a representative of the ruling coalition made apologetic remarks about one of the cruelest acts of terrorism.'   'He should have shot himself': Father of Anders Breivik says he wishes his son had committed suicide No son of mine: Jens Breivik said he wishes his son Anders had committed suicide following his attacks in Norway and added he 'didn't feel like his father' The father of Anders Breivik declared yesterday that he wished his son had killed himself. Former diplomat Jens Breivik, 76, said he was ‘completely bereft’ and would never speak to his son again. ‘I think that the last thing he should have done, rather than to kill so many people, he should have taken his own life,’ he said at his isolated villa in rural France, where he and his wife are under armed guard. ‘I still do not understand how such things could happen. 'It is not a normal person who does something like that.’ The 76-year-old, who has been estranged from his son since 1995, had been expected to travel to his native Norway yesterday but decided against it. He told a Norwegian television station: ‘I don’t feel like his father. ‘How could he just stand there and kill so many innocent people and just seem to think that what he did was OK? I will have to live with this shame for the rest of my life. 'People will always link me with him.’ Asked what he would say to his son if he got the chance to talk to him again, Mr Breivik said: ‘I don’t know. He must live in another world - I do not think he would understand.’ Mr Breivik added: 'I will have to live with this shame for the rest of my life. People will always link me with him.' More... Norway's royal family touched by tragedy: Crown Princess's step-brother was killed in island gun massacre Hero of Utoya island: German holidaymaker saved 20 youngsters from massacre using rented boat All I can see is him killing my friends: How cruel trick of the 'bogus policeman' lured his victims into the open so he could shoot them Hero of Utoya island: German holidaymaker saved 20 youngsters from massacre using rented boat 'Vlad the Impaler was a genius': The crazed and hate-filled 'manifesto' of the mass murderer Face of evil: Killer gunman tells judge his terror network has two more cells at large and says he acted to save Europe from Islam Gunman used 'exploding' dum-dum bullets on deadly rampage as picture shows how desperate victims barricaded themselves in with mattresses 'My wife Jens left for Spain on Sunday morning to get away from the media pressure.' Despite being Anders's step-mother, Mrs Breivik has never met him, while Mr Breivik only had a 'short, bland' telephone call with him 10 years ago. 'We've spent terrible nights, not sleeping a wink since his arrest,' said a tearful Mrs Breivik, who was speaking by the high fence surrounding their villa in the village of Cournanel, in the foothill of the Pyrenees, near Carcassonne. Under guard: The Breivik home in Cournanel, southern France, was surrounded by police to protect against public order incidents a spokesman said 'I've not met Anders but I'm still traumatised. We both are,' said Mrs Breivik. Today armed police were both inside and outside the single-storey building, which has extensive grounds and a swimming pool. Antoine Leroy, the Carcassonne prosecutor, said: 'The police are stationed outside the house. Jens Breivik and his wife are inside. The police are there to prevent incidents, any disturbance to public order.' Couranel has a population of just over 500, and is extremely difficult to get to, but there are still fears about the types of people who might turn up to see the mass murderer's parents, said Mr Leroy. As well as armed police, detectives could be seen inside the property, together with a French-Norwegian military translator from a nearby army camp.   Suspect: Anders Breivik is escorted from court after pleading not guilty to the mass killings at Utoya Island and being responsible for the bomb blast in Oslo Sea of tributes: Thousands of bouquets of flowers were laid outside Oslo cathedral today in respect for the 76 people who died in Friday's attack Mr Breivik had three children from a previous marriage - Erik, Jan and Nina - when he met Anders's mother, Wenche Behring, who had a daughter from a previous relationship. Mr Beivik divorced Wenche when Anders was just one, and went on to marry Tove Xvermo - known as Wanda - another embassy worker. Anders became the subject of a custody battle, as Mr Beivik and his new wife wanted to raise him in Paris, but they lost their case. As a child, Anders used to visit his father at his flat in Paris, and at a holiday home in Normandy, western France.  Mr Breivik, a past supporter of the Norwegian Labour Party, was a commercial advisor for the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, attached to the embassies in London and Paris.   Breivik's injected his dum-dum bullets with poison to make them deadlier Killer talked in manifesto of using liquid nicotine in ammunition Revealed a Chinese supplier had sent him 50ml to use in the bullets Evil: Anders Breivik details in his manifesto that he intended to use poison bullets during his killing spree Anders Breivik could have used ‘chemically enhanced’ ammunition to ensure every shot was deadly, police believe. In his disturbing ‘manifesto’ he talked of plans to put liquid nicotine in his bullets. If the blast did not kill victims outright, the nicotine would go on to poison them. It was already known that Breivik used ‘dum-dum’ bullets during his killing spree – the expanding round has a hollow point which leaves a large exit wound after causing horrific wounds. In his 1,500-page manifesto he wrote late last year: ‘I’ve now ordered 50ml – 99 per cent pure liquid nicotine from a Chinese online supplier. ‘3-4 drops will be injected in hollow point rifle bullets which will effectively turn it into a lethal chemical weapon. ‘I specifically instructed the Chinese supplier to send the package by courier to my company name, with extra wrapping and chemical labelling.’ According to scientists a fatal dose of pure nicotine is only one or two drops. A police source in Oslo told the Daily Mail: ‘We still have to find out whether he did use the nicotine, and toxicology tests on the victims will give us the answer. ‘But his planning appears so meticulous that we fear he may have used the chemicals in this way. We would not put anything past this man.’   More... Smirk of the maniac: As mass murderer grins outside court, full scale of his links to British extremists emerges Killer's Facebook friends in UK: Two Briton's with EDL ties post messages online Face of evil: Killer gunman tells judge his terror network has two more cells at large and says he acted to save Europe from Islam Norway's royal family touched by tragedy: Crown Princess's step-brother was killed in island gun massacre Hero of Utoya island: German holidaymaker saved 20 youngsters from massacre using rented boat Did Norwegian maniac plot his gun rampage in London? As death toll rises to 93, extremist reveals chilling UK link All I can see is him killing my friends: How cruel trick of the 'bogus policeman' lured his victims into the open so he could shoot them Police sources have revealed that Breivik owned a number of weapons – including a pump action shotgun, bolt rifle and his favourite gun – the Ruger Mini 14. Favourite: This Ruger Mini 14 was Breivik's weapon of choice, while he also owned guns including a pump action shotgun and bolt rifle He wrote: ‘With sight equipment mounted on your assault rifle you will successfully manage to acquire and neutralise multiple targets in a minimum amount of time.’ Lethal: Dum-dum bullet are more deadly than normal ammunition as they leave a larger exit wound The chief surgeon at a hospital treating victims of Norway's camp massacre said the killer used the special bullets designed to disintegrate inside the body and cause maximum internal damage. Dr Colin Poole, head of surgery at Ringriket Hospital in Honefoss north west of Oslo, said surgeons treating 16 gunshot victims have recovered no full bullets. He said: 'These bullets more or less exploded inside the body. These bullets inflicted internal damage that's absolutely horrible.' Ballistics experts say so-called dum-dum bullets also are lighter in weight and can be fired with greater accuracy over varying distances. They commonly are used by air marshals on aeroplanes and hunters of small animals. Poole, a surgeon for 26 years at the hospital, said the bullets were 'hyper-fragmentable' and produced confusing pictures on X-rays. 'It's caused us all kinds of extra problems in dealing with the wounds they cause, with very strange trajectories. The effect they cause inside the body is like a thousand pin pricks. Norwegian massacre gunman was a right-wing extremist who hated Muslims Suspect named by Norwegian media as Anders Behring Breivik Police believe he is not connected to Islamist organisations Claims he boasted online about having talks with English Defence League 'Loner' lived with mother in a wealthy suburb and is well-educated Reports say he attended same school as Norway's crown prince Posted on Twitter: 'One person with a belief is equal to the force of 100,000 who have only interests' Farm business gave him easy access to fertiliser - an ingredient used in bomb-making Police say he is a 'very demanding suspect' Suspect: Norwegian media reported that Anders Behring Breivik has been arrested The man responsible for the massacre in Norway was a member of a Swedish nazi forum which encourages attacks on government buildings. It was also revealed by local police that he had extreme right wing views who hated Muslims. According to Swedish website Expo Anders Behring Breivik is a member of 'Nordisk' which has 22,000 members and focuses on political terrorism. Officers also found a series of raving internet posts by the 32-year-old, who has been charged with two counts of terrorism after gunning down children on the island of Utoya and detonating a bomb in Oslo yesterday. Media reports in Norway described Breivik as a 'loner', who lived with his mother in a wealthy suburb of west Oslo, was well-educated and enjoyed hunting. Only a few days ago he set up a Twitter account and posted a single message: 'One person with a belief is equal to the force of 100,000 who have only interests'. It is attributed to the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, whose concept of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. The account appears to have only been set up a few days ago. On his Facebook profile, Breivik describes himself as a Christian and a conservative. It also listed interests such as body-building and freemasonry. Breivik is believed to have grown up in Oslo, and studied at the Oslo School of Management. He later appears to have moved out of the city and established Breivik Geofarm, a company believed to be an organic farm.   Arrested: Anders Behring Breivik callously opened fire on groups of teenagers on the island of Utoya   Suspect: Further photographs of Anders Behring Breivik, such as this one where he is carrying a weapon, have emerged It specialised in melons and root vegetables. There is speculation among the media in Norway that this may have allowed him easy access to fertiliser, an ingredient used in bomb-making. Along with the farm, he also appears to own a flat in Oslo. Breivik had no military background except for ordinary national service and no criminal record. It is thought that the 32-year-old is a former member of Labour's opposition youth party, Fremskrittspartiet. Police at the home of Breivik, a farm at Ostre Asta near Oslo, where he allegedly planned the entire massacre He is reported to have attended the same Smestad primary school as Norway's crown prince. He is later said to have attended schools in Oslo's Gaustad and the Handelsgymnasium. Classmate Michael Tomola, who knew Breivik from the age of 13 to 16, said: 'He was rather introverted at school, even though he was a good student. I'm very surprised by this. I had a good impression, although he became very engaged in subjects he cared for. He got very extreme about things he cared for.' According the website Atlantic.com, Breivik expressed extremist Islamophobic views on forums and criticised immigration policies. He argued on a Swedish news website that the media were not critical enough about Islam and claimed that Geert Wilders' Party for Freedom in the Netherlands was the only 'true' party of conservatives. Web: Breivik's sole tweet, posted last week, is attributed to the English philosopher John Stuart Mill - whose concept of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control He said that socialism was breaking down traditions, culture, national identity and other societal structures and that this in turn made society weak and confused. He claimed to admire the Norwegian Second World War hero Max Manus, a highly decorated sailor who was an expert in sinking Nazi ships. It has also been reported he boasted about conversations with unnamed members of the far-right English Defence League and the organisation Stop the Islamification of Europe. He is said to have spoken to them about the success of provocative street actions leading to violence. It is claimed he wrote on a blog two years ago: 'I have on some occasions had discussions with SIOE and EDL and recommended them to use certain strategies. 'The tactics of the EDL are now to 'lure' an overreaction from the Jihad Youth/Extreme-Marxists, something they have succeeded in doing several times already.' Breivik's Facebook profile listed his favourite books as The Trial by Franz Kafka and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. His favourite TV show was named as Dexter - a series about a Miami police forensics expert who moonlights as a serial killer of criminals whom he believes have escaped justice. Police officer Roger Andresen said today: 'He is clear on the point that he wants to explain himself.' Andersen said the suspect posted on websites with Christian fundamentalist tendencies. He did not describe the websites in any more details. Crime scene: The 32-year-old Norwegian is said to have used this white van to drive onto the island of Utoya National police chief Sveinung Sponheim said he was talking to them and has admitted to firing weapons on the island. It was not clear if he had confessed to anything else he is accused of. Police said he retained a lawyer, who did not want to be named 'He has had a dialogue with the police the whole time, but he's a very demanding suspect,' Sponheim said. He also told public broadcaster NRK that the suspected gunman's Internet postings 'suggest that he has some political traits directed toward the right, and anti-Muslim views, but if that was a motivation for the actual act remains to be seen'. Six foot tall and blond Breivik is reported to have arrived on the island of Utoya dressed as a policeman and opened fire after beckoning several young people over in his native Norwegian tongue. Reports suggest he was also seen loitering around the site of the bomb blast in Oslo two hours before the island incident.   Suspect: The 32-year-old Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik, who has been arrested after the attacks Police said later that the suspect had right-wing and anti-Muslim views, but the motive for the attacks was unclear. The Norwegian daily Verdens Gang quoted a friend as saying he became a rightwing extremist in his late 20s. It said he expressed strong nationalistic views in online debates and had been a strong opponent of the idea that people of different cultural backgrounds can live alongside each other. An official said the gunman used both automatic weapons and handguns, and that there was at least one unexploded device at the youth camp that a police bomb disposal team and military experts were working on disarming. Some 92 are believed to have been killed - seven in Oslo and 84 on Utoya Island, 50 miles north of the capital. Initially it was not known what were the motives of the gunman and architect of the car bomb - whether they or the single person had been radicalised and was part of a militant Muslim group waging Jihad or was trying to further a home-grown political cause. But it now appears Breivik was behind both attacks, a fact that it took police hours to realise as the mayhem ensued. The incidents come as social tensions with Norway heighten in recent months over the country’s perceived stance on Islamic issues. Fatal: Seven people were killed in the Oslo bomb blast (pictured) Though a long-standing Nato member, Norway has not attracted many enemies because it has tended to stay out of international conflicts. However, it has recently increased its military presence in Muslim countries such as Afghanistan or Libya, a move bound to anger fanatics. There was anger among some of the 150,000 Muslims living in Norway when a newspaper reproduced the controversial Danish cartoons of the Prophet Mohammad in January last year. Last night ‘Helpers of the Global Jihad’ posted a message on the internet claiming the bombing was ‘only the beginning’ of the retaliation over the cartoons. But this has been dismissed by some commentators as a publicity stunt. Other Scandinavian countries have faced radical Islamic attacks in the past. Violence erupted in Denmark after a newspaper published a cartoon of the Prophet wearing a turban in the shape of a bomb in 2005. And last December an Islamic suicide bomber, who was radicalised in Britain, set off a bomb in Stockholm. Police would not speculate on who was responsible for the attack or whether international groups were involved. But the country is also in the midst of grappling with a homegrown terror plot linked to al-Qaeda. Two suspects are in jail awaiting charges. Last week, a Norwegian prosecutor filed terror charges against an Iraqi-born cleric for threatening Norwegian politicians with death if he is deported from the Scandinavian country. The indictment centred on statements that Mullah Krekar - the founder of the Kurdish Islamist group Ansar al-Islam - made to various news media, including American network NBC. More... MASSACRE AT KIDS' CAMP: More than 30 feared dead as terrorist opens fire at Norwegian summer camp and car bomb devastates Oslo 'Norway's 9/11': At least 30 feared dead in double attack on Norwegian capital and holiday island Terrified teens 'swam for their lives and hid in trees' as island gunman fired at them Begging for his life: Chilling image of terrified teenager pleading for mercy from 'neo-Nazi' killer standing astride bodies 'It's safe to come out, you'll be saved... I'm a cop!' How blond, blue-eyed killer lured teenagers to their deaths 'I tried to call them over but soon realised they were dead': Norway massacre hero who ferried dozens of children to safety You all must die: Killer called us all together before calmly opening fire People were jumping into the water to try and escape the Norwegian massacre gunman KRISTINA LOWE: The quiet day in July that became our country's 7/7 DAVID WILSON: The changes he saw all around him fed his warped sense of injustice Burning with hatred... The right-wing extremist who hated immigrants and multi-culturalism Jihadist groups have also made recent threats to Norway over plans to expel Mullah Krekar, the founder of the Kurdish Islamist group Ansar al-Islam. Norway's support of NATO's mission in Libya also earned it enemies, Bob Ayers, a former U.S. intelligence officer, told AP. 'Norwegians are in Afghanistan. They're in Tripoli. They reprinted the cartoons,' he said. Many intelligence analysts said they had never heard of Helpers of Global Jihad, which took initial credit. Ansar al-Islam also took credit on some jihadist web sites. And Ayers said it appeared more than one person was involved. Wrecked: The blast in Oslo was outside a government office Asked at a press conference in Tripoli about Libya's reaction to the events in Oslo, government spokesman Moussa Ibrahim said, 'We never support any acts of terrorism whatsoever.' But he suggested NATO's policies could have prompted the attack, saying, 'NATO is planting terrorism in the hearts of many. This is unfortunate and sad.' Authorities in Norway and other Scandinavian countries have focused on anti-terrorism tactics that frustrate countries like the U.S. that are more aggressive about making arrests. Scandinavian authorities fight terrorism by disrupting plots, sometimes telling suspects they know what they're up to, and warning them of the consequences. Terror convictions are also difficult to get because of scepticism in Scandinavian courts toward cases built on intent - as most terrorism trials are - and a demand for more evidence than in the U.S. and many other places. Europe has been the target of numerous terror plots by Islamist militants. The deadliest was the 2004 Madrid train bombings, when shrapnel-filled bombs exploded, killing 191 people and wounding about 1,800. A year later, suicide bombers killed 52 rush-hour commuters in London aboard three subway trains and a bus. And in 2006, U.S. and British intelligence officials thwarted one of the largest plots yet - a plan to explode nearly a dozen trans-Atlantic airliners. In October, the U.S. State Department advised American citizens living or travelling in Europe to take more precautions following reports that terrorists may be plotting attacks on a European city. Some countries went on heightened alert after the May 2 killing of Osama bin Laden. Intelligence analysts said they doubted the attack was linked to bin Laden's death. 'Al-Qaida would have targeted something closer to U.S. interests if it was related to bin Laden,' Ayers said. What changed Anders Behring Breivik from a lonely mummy’s boy into a maniac mass killer with a hatred of immigrants? His early life was undoubtedly scarred by the break-up of his parents’ marriage when he was aged just one. Then, at the age of 15, he lost contact with his father, who was apparently unimpressed by his ‘graffiti phase’ – he was caught spraying messages on walls. Perhaps most tellingly in his ‘manifesto’, published online as he launched his attacks on Friday, he says that as a teenager his best friend was a Pakistani immigrant who loathed Norway. He says he hung out with Pakistani gangs but claimed to have been beaten up by them eight times, once suffering a broken nose. At 16, he says, he broke with his friend and decided to concentrate on school. Later, he clearly felt immigration was ruining his country. Breivik also makes extraordinary claims about alleged promiscuity by his mother Wenche, a nurse, and other members of his family, together with details of sexually transmitted diseases he claims they contracted. Then there is the resentment he feels at being ‘feminised’ by multiculturalism, telling how he was forced in his early youth to complete mandatory knitting and sewing courses which were ‘implemented as a result of Marxist revolution.’ Such turbulent events during his formative years might seem, at first glance, to provide an insight into his tormented mind. But is that enough to explain the monster he became? More... Smirk of the maniac: As mass murderer grins outside court, full scale of his links to British extremists emerges Anders Breivik 'was on Norwegian secret service watchlist' after buying chemical haul from Polish retailer Killer's Facebook friends in UK: Two Briton's with EDL ties post messages online Breivik's injected his dum-dum bullets with poison to make them deadlier Face of evil: Killer gunman tells judge his terror network has two more cells at large and says he acted to save Europe from Islam Norway's royal family touched by tragedy: Crown Princess's step-brother was killed in island gun massacre Hero of Utoya island: German holidaymaker saved 20 youngsters from massacre using rented boat 'Tonight the streets are filled with love': Royal family and prime minister lead the nation in mourning as crowd of 150,000 gather in Oslo for 'rose march' tribute to Norway's dead Experts say Breivik’s motivation for committing mass murder is far more complex – and disturbing – than merely a reaction to personal events in his life. Narcissistic, paranoid and obsessive, he was in all likelihood seeking fame to cover up the pathetic existence he appears to have led during the nine years he worked on his manifesto. Memorial: Two people stand in reflection close to Utoya Island yesterday. Criminologists say that Breivik's actions were both personal and political Pathetic existence: Breivik worked on his manifesto at this farm, with his actions being part of a obsessive attempt to find fame Yesterday David Wilson, professor of criminology at Birmingham City University, said: ‘When he killed those kids he imagined he was involved in some kind of righteous slaughter, that he was being channelled by some greater purpose to do what he did. ‘With spree killers, which is what he is as opposed to a serial killer, their motivation is a mixture of the personal and the political. We know what the political part was in his case and by doing what he did he was trying to take out the next generation of the ruling party who might get into power. ‘But what’s the personal? Everything he did and wrote appears to be about self-aggrandisement. He needed to be in control and in charge. We know tit-bits of his background and there’s a sense of narcissism about him.’ Indeed, so vain was blond, blue-eyed Breivik that in his manifesto he even described how commanders of his Knights Templar terror group prepare themselves for after capture by deleting ‘unfortunate photos from the past’ in case the police leak the ‘retarded looking’ ones. Comparison: So vain was Breivik that he even compared himself to the commanders of the Knights Templar in his manifesto Also, he adds, they should visit a solarium and ‘a male salon if possible and apply light make-up’. ‘Yes, I know – this might sound repulsive to big badass warriors like us,’ he wrote, ‘but we must look our best for the shoot.’ Professor Wilson said it was unlikely, however, that Breivik has an underlying mental health problem. ‘He did not hear voices, he did not see visions telling him to rid Norwegian society of these people,’ he said. ‘He has thought about what he was going to do quite deeply and carefully. Telescoping back to his childhood is not necessarily the answer to explaining what drove him to do what he did.’ Dr Theodore Dalrymple, who writes psychiatric assessments of murderers in criminal cases and is the author of the book ‘Spoilt Rotten: the toxic cult of sentimentality’, agrees that it is likely Breivik would not be deemed legally insane in a court in England. ‘The length of time he spent writing the manifesto suggests a chronic personality disorder rather than an acute psychiatric disorder,’ he said. ‘He is obviously of above average intelligence, but perhaps not as intelligent as he would like to be.’ Tellingly perhaps, rather than going to university Breivik says he completed his higher education ‘informally’, cobbling together his own curriculum to study ‘entrepreneurial activity’. He claimed this was the equivalent of two degrees and says he carried out 16,000 hours of study. ‘I think he wanted to be important, famous,’ said Dr Dalrymple. ‘I think he is also a man whose reach probably exceeds his grasp. He would have like to have been something much more than he actually was and he feels a great deal of resentment as a result.’

Engaged: Smiling youngsters listen to a speech during the Norwegian Labour Party youth camp on Utoya Island, just 24 hours before gunman Anders Breivik shot dead 93   Massacre: The island hosts an annual youth camp for politically-engaged youngsters, featuring partying, music and debates   Victims: It is unclear how many of the youngsters seen in these images were killed when Breivik embarked on his 90-minute shooting spree   Trail of carnage: Breivik criss-crossed Utoya island during his rampage, before he surrendered to police   Grief: Two girls look at flowers, candles and messages left near Utoya island. Many of the victims have still not been officially identified   Plot: Police at Breivik's farm, where he made a fertiliser bomb which he detonated in the government district in Oslo, killing eight HELD IN A FORMER NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMP Cut off: Breivik, 32, is being held at Ila prison, a former Nazi concentration camp, where is not allowed access to TV, newspapers, radio or mail Anders Breivik is being held at Ila prison, a former Nazi concentration camp, but could be moved to another maximum security jail. One possible facility overlooks the Tyrifjorden waters and is close to Utoya Island where he launched his attack. Last night, the killer was being kept in isolation and was on 'suicide watch'. A full evaluation of his mental state is likely to take up to three months, but prison sources have said he may not wish to cooperate or answer questions. Ila was originally a women's prison called Grini before the German invasion of Norway during World War Two saw it become a concentration camp run by the Gestapo from 1940. Detainees included a raft of Norwegian political prisoners and the camp was enlarged as more people arrived, before being shipped to Dachau or Auschwitz. In 1942 five members of the First Airborne Division were captured after their glider crashed in bad weather on a failed 'Operation Freshman' mission to bomb a chemical plant. The British survivors were taken to Grini and later - on the express orders of Adolf Hitler - they were marched into nearby woods, blindfolded and shot one after another in the back of the head. Breivik has been banned from receiving post, reading newspapers, watching TV or listening to the radio. He is only allowed to see a priest, doctors or his lawyer. In his manifesto, Breivik pledged to escape from any prison holding him and said he had formulated a 'second bonus mission' which would see him assassinate 'up to five traitors' once he had escaped. He claimed he had intelligence on his later targets so he could carry out his operation 'in a timely and professional manner'. His plan said he had already buried weapons and equipment near to the prisons he was most likely to be held at. He would then hijack a vehicle from a civilian and 'initiate' his mission.   OSLO, Norway — The man in the police uniform shouted for the campers to come closer. When they did, he killed them. The gunman who killed at least 68 people at an island youth camp northwest of Oslo used his disguise to lure in his victims, then shot them twice to make sure they were dead, survivors said in the village of Sundvollen, where they were taken after the massacre. “I saw many dead people,” said 15-year old Elise, whose father, Vidar Myhre, didn’t want her to disclose her last name. She was just feet away from the gunman when he opened fire in the camp on Utoya island. Confessed terrorist Anders Behring Breivik hoped to trigger a nationalist revolution in Norway. But his double act of mass murder and destruction seems to have stirred only dignified defiance in this wealthy, idealistic nation renowned for its commitment to peace. Norway’s royal family and prime minister led the nation in mourning, visiting grieving relatives of the scores of youth gunned down at an island retreat, as the shell-shocked Nordic nation was gripped by reports that the gunman may not have acted alone. The Norwegian man suspected in a bombing and shooting spree that killed at least 76 people bought six tons of fertilizer before the massacre, the supplier said Saturday as police investigated witness accounts of a second shooter. The shooting spree began just hours after a massive explosion that ripped through an Oslo high-rise building housing the prime minister’s office. The capital’s heart remains shattered and cordoned off following Friday’s car-bomb blast and shooting spree on a nearby island. Communities up and down this sparsely populated land have yet to bury their loved ones. 1 Two women are seen leaving as rescue workers arrive to help the injured following an explosion in Oslo, Norway Friday July 22, 2011. A powerful blast tore open several Oslo buildings including the prime minister's office on Friday. One person was reportedly killed and several were injured, as the blast shattered windows and coated the street with documents. Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg is safe, government spokeswoman Camilla Ryste told The Associated Press, although it was unclear whether that meant he was uninjured. (AP Photo/Scanpix/Thomas Winje Aijord) # 2 Injured people are treated by medics at the scene of an explosion near the government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. At least one person was killed by the powerful explosion which ripped through government and media buildings. HOLM MORTEN/AFP/Getty Images # 3 Pictured is an aerial view of Olso's city centre shortly after an explosion rocked the Norwegian capital on July 22, 2011. Militants are thought to have staged twin bomb and shooting attacks in Norway Friday, leaving at least 11 dead as a blast tore through government buildings and a gunman opened fire at a youth meeting of the ruling party. Many were also reported wounded from the bomb blast in central Oslo and the shooting at a summer school meeting of Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg's ruling Labour Party outside the capital. JON BREDO OVERAAS/AFP/Getty Images # 4 People are treated at the scene after an explosion near the government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. At least one person was killed by the powerful explosion which ripped through government and media buildings. THOMAS WINJE OIJORD/AFP/Getty Images # 5 People are treated at the scene after an explosion near the government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. At least one person was killed by the powerful explosion which ripped through government and media buildings. THOMAS WINJE OIJORD/AFP/Getty Images # 6 People give phone calls as they stand near a burning government building in Olso on July 22, 2011. Norwegian police confirmed that people were killed and injured in Friday's explosion near government buildings in the capital Oslo. "Police can confirm there were deaths and injuries following the explosion in the government quarter this afternoon," police said in a statement. Thomas Winje/AFP/Getty Images # 7 A man helps a wounded woman evacuating a building after an explosion near government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. A powerful bomb blast rocked government and media buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on Friday, causing "deaths and injuries" and dealing heavy damage, police said. Police said a bomb was behind the explosion and Norwegian media reported that at least two people died. "A powerful explosion has taken place in the government quarter," Norwegian police said in a statement. MORTEN HOLM/AFP/Getty Images # 8 Injured people are treated by medics at the scene of an explosion near the government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. At least one person was killed by the powerful explosion which ripped through government and media buildings. HOLM MORTEN/AFP/Getty Images # 9 An injured man is treated at the scene after an explosion near the government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. At least one person was killed by the powerful explosion which ripped through government and media buildings. THOMAS WINJE OIJORD/AFP/Getty Images # 10 Smoke rises from a building after a powerful bomb blast rocked government and media buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011, causing "deaths and injuries" and dealing heavy damage, police said. Police said a bomb was behind the explosion and Norwegian media reported that at least two people died. Jan Johannessen/AFP/Getty Images # 11 Injured people are treated by medics at the scene of an explosion near the government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. At least one person was killed by the powerful explosion which ripped through government and media buildings. ROALD, BERIT/AFP/Getty Images # 12 Firefigthers evacuate two victims after an explosion near government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. A powerful bomb blast rocked government and media buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on Friday, causing "deaths and injuries" and dealing heavy damage, police said. Police said a bomb was behind the explosion and Norwegian media reported that at least two people died. "A powerful explosion has taken place in the government quarter," Norwegian police said in a statement. ROALD BERIT/AFP/Getty Images # 13 A young victim is helped in the centre of Oslo, Friday July 22, 2011, following an explosion that tore open several buildings including the prime minister's office, shattering windows and covering the street with documents.(AP Photo/Winje Ä‚jijord, Scanpix Norway) # 14 Emergency workers attend the scene after an explosion in Oslo, Norway, Friday July 22, 2011. A loud explosion shattered windows Friday at the government headquarters in Oslo which includes the prime minister's office, injuring several people. Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg is safe, government spokeswoman Camilla Ryste told The Associated Press. (AP PHOTO / Holm Morten, Scanpix) # 15 Firefigthers evacuate two victims after an explosion near government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. A powerful bomb blast rocked government and media buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on Friday, causing "deaths and injuries" and dealing heavy damage, police said. Police said a bomb was behind the explosion and Norwegian media reported that at least two people died. "A powerful explosion has taken place in the government quarter," Norwegian police said in a statement. ROALD BERIT/AFP/Getty Images # 16 Injured people are escorted from the area of an explosion in central Oslo Friday, July 22, 2011. Terrorism ravaged long-peaceful Norway on Friday when a bomb ripped open buildings including the prime minister's office and a man dressed as a police officer opened fire at a nearby island youth camp. (AP Photo/Scanpix, Berit Roald) # 17 A man comforts a woman after an explosion near government buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. A powerful bomb blast rocked government and media buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on Friday, causing "deaths and injuries" and dealing heavy damage, police said. Police said a bomb was behind the explosion and Norwegian media reported that at least two people died. "A powerful explosion has taken place in the government quarter," Norwegian police said in a statement. MORTEN HOLM/AFP/Getty Images # 18 A victim is carried to a waiting ambulance in central Oslo, Friday July 22, 2011, following an explosion that tore open several buildings including the prime minister's office, shattering windows and covering the street with documents.(AP Photo/Berit Roald, Scanpix, Norway) # 19 The wreckage of a car lies outside a building in the centre of Oslo, Friday July 22, 2010, following an explosion that tore open several buildings including the prime minister's office, shattering windows and covering the street with documents.(AP Photo/Roald Berit, Scanpix, Norway) # 20 A detail of the devastation caused to a building in Oslo, Norway, after a powerful blast tore open several buildings, Friday July 22, 2011. A loud explosion shattered windows Friday in several building including the government headquarters in Oslo which includes the prime minister's office, injuring several people. Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg is safe, government spokeswoman Camilla Ryste told The Associated Press. (AP PHOTO / Holm Morten, Scanpix) # 21 Medics tend to people injured in an explosion in Norway's capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. A powerful bomb blast rocked government and media buildings in Norway's capital Oslo on Friday, causing "deaths and injuries" and dealing heavy damage, police said. Police said a bomb was behind the explosion and Norwegian media reported that at least two people died. "A powerful explosion has taken place in the government quarter," Norwegian police said in a statement. ROALD BERIT/AFP/Getty Images # 22 Emergency workers, left, attend the scene as the building burns after a powerful explosion tore open several buildings in Oslo, Norway, Friday July 22, 2011. A loud explosion shattered windows Friday at the government headquarters in Oslo which includes the prime minister's office, injuring several people. Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg is safe, government spokeswoman Camilla Ryste told The Associated Press. (AP PHOTO / Holm Morten, Scanpix) # 23 Blood smears the pavement, as a victim is treated outside government buildings in the centre of Oslo, Friday July 22, 2011, following an explosion that tore open several buildings including the prime minister's office, shattering windows and covering the street with documents.(AP Photo/Fartein Rudjord) # 24 Damaged windows in a building in central Oslo, Friday July 22, 2011, following an explosion that tore open several buildings including the prime minister's office, shattering windows and covering the street with documents.(AP Photo/Berit Roald, Scanpix, Norway) # 25 An injured woman is helped by a passerby, in a doorway in Oslo, Norway, Friday July 22, 2011, following an explosion that tore open several buildings including the prime minister's office, shattering windows and covering the street with documents and debris. The Prime Minister is not hurt. (AP Photo/Morten Holm, Scanpix, Norway) # 26 The scene after an explosion in Oslo, Norway, Friday July 22, 2011. A loud explosion shattered windows Friday at the government headquarters in Oslo which includes the prime minister's office, injuring several people. Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg is safe, government spokeswoman Camilla Ryste told The Associated Press. (AP PHOTO / Holm Morten, Scanpix) # 27 Debris covers the street outside buildings in the centre of Oslo, Friday July 22, 2010, following an explosion that tore open several buildings including the prime minister's office, shattering windows and covering the street with documents.(AP Photo/Fartein Rudjord) # 28 Victims receive treatment outside government buildings in the centre of Oslo, Friday July 22, 2010, following an explosion that tore open several buildings including the prime minister's office, shattering windows and covering the street with documents.(AP Photo/Fartein Rudjord) # 29 Shattered windows of a major building after an explosion in Oslo, Norway, Friday July 22, 2011. A loud explosion shattered windows Friday at the government headquarters in Oslo which includes the prime minister's office, injuring several people. Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg is safe, government spokeswoman Camilla Ryste told The Associated Press. (AP PHOTO / Berit Roald, Scanpix) # 30 A tracked high speed mist fan is used to drag a damaged vehicle away from a building in central Oslo, Friday July 22, 2011, following an explosion that tore open several buildings including the prime minister's office, shattering windows and covering the street with documents.(AP Photo/Berit Roald, Scanpix, Norway) # 31 In this photo taken by Vergard M. Aas, a Norwegian crime reporter who responded to the scene of a mass shooting on Utoya Island, Norway, victims lie near the shoreline approximately one hour after police say a man dressed as a police officer gunned down youths as they ran and even swam for their lives at a camp which was organized by the youth wing of the ruling Labor Party, Friday July 22, 2011. Police say the suspect in this shooting set off a fatal explosion hours earlier in the Norwegian capital of Oslo, (AP Photo/Presse 3.0, Vegard M. Aas) # 32 A swat team aim their weapons while people take cover during a shoot out at Utoeya island, some 40 km south west of the capital Oslo on July 22, 2011. At least 17 were killed in Friday's attacks in Norway, a bombing in central Oslo and a series of shootings on an island just outside the capital, and the figure could rise, a senior police officer said. Police had also found explosives on the island of Utoeya, where a gunman opened fire on young people at a summer camp organised by the ruling Labour Party, Sveinung Sponheim, acting commissioner for Oslo police, told reporters. Jan Bjerkeli/AFP/Getty Images # 33 A wounded woman is brought ashore opposite Utaoya island (in the distance) after being rescued from a gunman who went on a killing rampage targeting participants in a Norwegian Labour Party youth organization event on the island, some 40 km southwest of Oslo, on July 22 , 2011. At least 17 were killed in Friday's attacks in Norway, a bombing in central Oslo and a series of shootings on the island, and the figure could rise, a senior police officer said. Police had also found explosives on the island of Utoeya, where a gunman opened fire on young people at a summer camp organized by the ruling Labour Party, Sveinung Sponheim, acting commissioner for Oslo police, told reporters. Svein Gustav Wilhelmsen/AFP/Getty Images # 34 Norwegian police continue searches on Utoya island following Friday's twin extremist attacks, on July 24, 2011 in Norway. A man named as Anders Behring Breivik was arrested and is being held as the primary suspect following a bomb blast at a government building in Oslo and a shooting massacre on nearby Utoya island that killed 92 people in all on July 22. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images) # 35 Medics and emergency workers escort an injured person from a camp site on the island of Utoya, Norway Saturday July 23, 2011. A Norwegian dressed as a police officer gunned down at least 84 people at an island retreat, police said Saturday. Investigators are still searching the surrounding waters, where people fled the attack, which followed an explosion in nearby Oslo that killed seven. (AP Photo/Morten Edvardsen/Scanpix) # 36 Emergency workers search for bodies beneath the water off the island of Utoya, Saturday, July 23, 2011. A Norwegian dressed as a police officer gunned down at least 84 people at an island youth retreat before being arrested, police said Saturday. Investigators are still searching the surrounding waters, where people fled the attack, which followed an explosion in nearby Oslo that killed seven. The mass shootings are among the worst in history. With the blast outside the prime minister's office, they formed the deadliest day of terror in Western Europe since the 2004 Madrid train bombings killed 191. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) # 37 A wounded woman is brought ashore opposite Utaoya island (in the distance) after being rescued from a gunman who went on a killing rampage targeting participants in a Norwegian Labour Party youth organisation event on the island, some 40 km southwest of Oslo, on July 22 , 2011. At least 17 were killed in Friday's attacks in Norway, a bombing in central Oslo and a series of shootings on the island, and the figure could rise, a senior police officer said. Police had also found explosives on the island of Utoeya, where a gunman opened fire on young people at a summer camp organised by the ruling Labour Party, Sveinung Sponheim, acting commissioner for Oslo police, told reporters. Svein Gustav Wilhelmsen/AFP/Getty Images # 38 Rescue workers evacuate young people from the summer school meeting organised by the ruling Labour Party on Utoeya, an island outside the capital, on July 23, 2011. Norwegian police on described the main suspect in twin bomb and shooting attacks that left at least 91 dead as a Christian fundamentalist. A police official said that information gleaned on the internet suggested the 32-year-old ethnic Norwegian was a "Christian fundamentalist." At least 84 people died in the shooting in Utoeya, while seven were killed when a powerful bomb ripped through central Oslo, where the prime minister's office and several government buildings are located. Morten Edvarsen/AFP/Getty Images # 39 Medics and emergency workers escort youths from a camp site on the island of Utoya, Norway Saturday July 23, 2011. A Norwegian dressed as a police officer gunned down at least 84 people at an island retreat, police said Saturday. Investigators are still searching the surrounding waters, where people fled the attack, which followed an explosion in nearby Oslo that killed seven. (AP Photo/Morten Edvardsen/Scanpix) # 40 Survivors of the Utoeya island shooting at the Norwegian Labour Party youth summer camp are reunited with their families at Sundvolden, some 40 km south west of Oslo, on July 23 , 2011. At least 92 were killed in Friday's attacks in Norway, a bombing in central Oslo and a shooting spree on an island just outside the capital, and the figure could rise, a senior police officer said. Police had also found explosives on the island of Utoeya, where a gunman opened fire on young people at a summer camp organised by the ruling Labour Party, Sveinung Sponheim, acting commissioner for Oslo police, told reporters. ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images # 41 This is an aerial view of Utoya Island, Norway, taken Thursday, July 21, 2011. Police say they are sending anti-terror police to a youth camp outside Oslo after reports of a shooting there following the bomb blast at the government headquarters. The news site VG reported that a man dressed in a police uniform opened fire at the camp. It says several people were injured. Oslo police chief Anstein Gjengdal said anti-terror units were being sent to the camp at Utoya, outside the Norwegian capital. He had no other information on that incident, which came hours after a bomb blast outside the government headquarters killed at least two people and injured 15. (AP Photo/Mapaid, Lasse Tur) # 42 Unidentified survivors from the shooting at an island youth retreat react outside a hotel where survivors were being reunited with their families in Sundvolden, Norway, Saturday, July 23, 2011. A Norwegian dressed as a police officer gunned down at least 84 people at an island youth retreat before being arrested, police said Saturday. Investigators are still searching the surrounding waters, where people tried to flee from the attack, which followed an explosion in nearby Oslo city centre. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) # 43 Norway's twin terror attacks suspect Anders Behring Breivik, left, sits in an armored police vehicle after leaving the courthouse following a hearing in Oslo Monday July 25, 2011 where he pleaded not guilty to one of the deadliest modern mass killings in peacetime. The man who has confessed to carrying out a bombing and shooting spree that left 93 people dead in Norway will be held in complete isolation for four weeks after a hearing in which he said his terror network had two other cells. (AP Photo/Aftenposten/Jon-Are Berg-Jacobsen) NORWAY OUT # 44 Unidentified survivors from the shooting at an island youth retreat react outside a hotel where survivors are being reunited with their families in Sundvolden, Norway, Saturday, July 23, 2011. A Norwegian dressed as a police officer gunned down at least 84 people at an island youth retreat before being arrested, police said Saturday. Investigators are still searching the surrounding waters, where people tried to flee from the attack, which followed an explosion in nearby Oslo city centre. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) # 45 Elizabeth Amundsen, 16, holds a rose and cries as thousands of people gather at a memorial vigil following Friday's twin extremist attacks on July 25 ,2011 in Oslo, Norway. Anders Behring Breivik, 32, claimed that he has "two more cells" working with him as he appeared in court today following a bomb blast at a government building in Oslo and a shooting massacre on nearby Utoya Island that killed at least 76 people in all. The death toll was originally reported as 93. Breivik has been detained for eight weeks, four of which in full isolation.(Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) # 46 Friends and loved ones gather at the Oslo cathedral to mourn 93 victims killed in twin terror attacks from a bombing in downtown Oslo and a mass shooting on Utoya island on July 24 ,2011in Oslo, Norway. So far seven people have been confirmed dead from the bomb attack and 85 on Utoya. Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik has confessed saying that he acted alone though he has not pleaded guilty. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) # 47 Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg holds his hands behind his back as he addresses media after visiting survivors of the massacre at the Norwegian Labour Party youth summer camp who are being reunited with their families at Sundvolden some 40 km south west of Oslo on July 23 , 2011. At least 91 were killed in Friday's attacks in Norway, a bombing in central Oslo and a shooting spree on an island just outside the capital, and the figure could rise, a senior police officer said. Police had also found explosives on the island of Utoeya, where a gunman opened fire on young people at a summer camp organised by the ruling Labour Party, Sveinung Sponheim, acting commissioner for Oslo police, told reporters. AFP PHOTO / ODD ANDERSEN (Photo credit should read ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images) # 48 Friends and loved ones gather at the Oslo cathedral to mourn 93 victims killed in twin terror attacks from a bombing in downtown Oslo and a mass shooting on Utoya island on July 24 ,2011in Oslo, Norway. So far seven people have been confirmed dead from the bomb attack and 85 on Utoya. Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik has confessed saying that he acted alone though he has not pleaded guilty. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) # 49 Friends and loved ones gather at the Oslo cathedral to mourn 93 victims killed in twin terror attacks from a bombing in downtown Oslo and a mass shooting on Utoya island on July 24 ,2011in Oslo, Norway. So far seven people have been confirmed dead from the bomb attack and 85 on Utoya. Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik has confessed saying that he acted alone though he has not pleaded guilty. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) # 50 Members of the public pay their respects near Utoya Island following Friday's twin extremist attacks, on July 24, 2011 in Norway. A man, named as Anders Behring Breivik, 32, has been arrested and is being held as the primary suspect following the bomb blast at a government building in Oslo and a shooting masscare on nearby Utoya island that killed at least 93 people in total. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images) # 51 Relatives gather to observe a minutes silence opposite Utoya Island, following Friday's twin extremist attacks on July 25, 2011 in Utoya Island, Norway. A man named as Anders Behring Breivik has been arrested and is appearing in court today as the primary suspect following a bomb blast at a government building in Oslo and a shooting massacre on nearby Utoya Island that killed 92 people in all. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images) # 52 Elizabeth Amundsen,16, (L) and Tiril Killi, 16, comfort each other as thousands of people gather at a memorial vigil following Friday's twin extremist attacks on July 25 ,2011 in Oslo, Norway. Anders Behring Breivik, 32, claimed that he has "two more cells" working with him as he appeared in court today following a bomb blast at a government building in Oslo and a shooting massacre on nearby Utoya Island that killed at least 76 people in all. The death toll was originally reported as 93. Breivik has been detained for eight weeks, four of which in full isolation.(Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) # 53 Prime Minister of Norway Jens Stoltenberg (L) holds his wife Ingrid Schulerud as thousands of people gather at a memorial vigil following Friday's twin extremist attacks on July 25 ,2011 in Oslo, Norway. Anders Behring Breivik, 32, claimed that he has "two more cells" working with him as he appeared in court today following a bomb blast at a government building in Oslo and a shooting massacre on nearby Utoya Island that killed at least 76 people in all. The death toll was originally reported as 93. Breivik has been detained for eight weeks, four of which in full isolation.(Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images) # 54 Caria Naess of Norway lights a candle during a memorial service for the victims of the Oslo massacres at the Norwegian Seaman's Church in Sydney on July 24, 2011. Norwegians in Australia prayered for the victims of the twin attacks that killed at least 92 people in the worst violence seen there since World War II. TORSTEN BLACKWOOD/AFP/Getty Images # 55 Tiril Killi, 16, cries as hundreds of thousands of people gather at a memorial vigil following Friday's twin extremist attacks, July 25, 2011 in Oslo, Norway. Anders Behring Breivik, 32, claimed that he has "two more cells" working with him as he appeared in court today following a bomb blast at a government building in Oslo and a shooting massacre on nearby Utoya Island that killed at least 76 people in all. The death toll was originally reported as 93. (Photo by Paula Bronstein /Getty Images) # 56 Candles are lit as people gather outside the Oslo Cathedral to mourn and show their respect for the victims of the July 22 shooting at a Norwegian Labour Youth League camp, on July 23, 2011. Police said they were questioning a Christian fundamentalist Saturday over twin attacks on a youth camp and the government headquarters that killed 92 people in Norway's deadliest post-war tragedy. As harrowing testimony emerged from the holiday island where scores of youngsters were mown down by a gunman dressed as a policeman, Norway's premier said the country would emerge stronger from the "cruel act of violence". Jan Johannessen/AFP/Getty Images # 57 A Norwegian woman reacts as hundreds of thousands of people gather at a memorial vigil following Friday's twin extremist attacks, July 25, 2011 in Oslo, Norway. Anders Behring Breivik, 32, claimed that he has "two more cells" working with him as he appeared in court today following a bomb blast at a government building in Oslo and a shooting massacre on nearby Utoya Island that killed at least 76 people in all. The death toll was originally reported as 93. (Photo by Paula Bronstein /Getty Images) # 58 Thousands attend a vigil walk near Utoya Island on July 26, 2011 in Sundvolden, Norway. Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik, 32, has been detained for eight weeks, four of which in full isolation, for the bomb blast and shooting massacre on July 22, 2011. A reported 76 people died in the mass killing. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images) # 59 A survivor (2nd,L) of the Utoeya island shooting at the Norwegian Labour Party youth summer camp is reunited with her parents at Sundvolden, some 40 km south west of Oslo, on July 23 , 2011. At least 91 were killed in Friday's attacks in Norway, a bombing in central Oslo and a shooting spree on an island just outside the capital, and the figure could rise, a senior police officer said. Police had also found explosives on the island of Utoeya, where a gunman opened fire on young people at a summer camp organised by the ruling Labour Party, Sveinung Sponheim, acting commissioner for Oslo police, told reporters. ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images # 60 Police and emergency personel takes care of survivors of the Utoeya island shooting at the Norwegian Labour Party youth summer camp at Sundvolden, some 40 km south west of Oslo on July 23 , 2011. At least 91 were killed in Friday's attacks in Norway, a bombing in central Oslo and a shooting spree on an island just outside the capital, and the figure could rise, a senior police officer said. Police had also found explosives on the island of Utoeya, where a gunman opened fire on young people at a summer camp organised by the ruling Labour Party, Sveinung Sponheim, acting commissioner for Oslo police, told reporters. ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images # 61 People gather outside the Oslo Cathedral to mourn and show their respect for the victims of the July 22 shooting at a Norwegian Labour Youth League camp, in front of flowers and candles on July 23, 2011. Police said they were questioning a Christian fundamentalist Saturday over twin attacks on a youth camp and the government headquarters that killed 91 people in Norway's deadliest post-war tragedy. As harrowing testimony emerged from the holiday island where scores of youngsters were mown down by a gunman dressed as a policeman, Norway's premier said the country would emerge stronger from the "cruel act of violence". Jan Johannessen/AFP/Getty Images # 62 Survivors of the Utoeya island shooting at the Norwegian Labour Party youth summer camp wait to be united with their families at Sundvolden, some 40 km south west of Oslo on July 23, 2011. At least 92 were killed in Friday's attacks in Norway, a bombing in central Oslo and a shooting spree on an island just outside the capital, and the figure could rise, a senior police officer said. Police had also found explosives on the island of Utoeya, where a gunman opened fire on young people at a summer camp organised by the ruling Labour Party, Sveinung Sponheim, acting commissioner for Oslo police, told reporters. ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images # 63 People gather outside the Oslo Cathedral to mourn and show their respect for the victims of the July 22 shooting at a Norwegian Labour Youth League camp, in front of flowers and candles on July 23, 2011. Police said they were questioning a Christian fundamentalist Saturday over twin attacks on a youth camp and the government headquarters that killed 91 people in Norway's deadliest post-war tragedy. As harrowing testimony emerged from the holiday island where scores of youngsters were mown down by a gunman dressed as a policeman, Norway's premier said the country would emerge stronger from the "cruel act of violence". Jan Johannessen/AFP/Getty Images # 64 The farm house of Anders Behring Breivik, the primary suspect held in connection with the bomb blast in downtown Oslo and the killing spree on the nearby Utoya island on July 22, 2011, is seen on July 23, 2011, at Aamot in Hedmark, eastern Norway. Jo E Brenden/AFP/Getty Images # 65 People stand by flowers as they gather on July 23, 2011 in Oslo to mourn and show their respect for the victims of the July 22 twin attacks. Police said they were questioning a Christian fundamentalist today over twin attacks on a youth camp and the government headquarters that killed 92 people in Norway's deadliest post-war tragedy. JONATHAN NACKSTRAND/AFP/Getty Images # 66 Norwegian Prince Sverre Magnus and Princess Ingrid Alexandra hold hands during a candle lighting ceremony at Oslo Cathedral on July 23, 2011, in respect of the victims of July 22 bomb attack in Oslo and shooting rampage at a youth camp on the Utoeya island near Oslo. Police said they were questioning a right-wing Christian on Saturday over the massacre of 92 people in a killing spree that Norway's prime minister said had turned an island paradise into hell on earth. Vegard Groett/AFP/Getty Images # 67 A group of young people mourn for the victims of the July 22 shooting at a Norwegian Labour Youth League camp, on July 23, 2011 outside the Oslo Cathedral. Police said they were questioning a Christian fundamentalist Saturday over twin attacks on a youth camp and the government headquarters that killed 92 people in Norway's deadliest post-war tragedy. As harrowing testimony emerged from the holiday island where scores of youngsters were mown down by a gunman dressed as a policeman, Norway's premier said the country would emerge stronger from the "cruel act of violence". Jan Johannessen/AFP/Getty Images # 68 A young boy carry roses during a gathering on July 24, 2011 in Oslo to pay tribute to the victims of a bomb explosion which ripped through government buildings and the shooting spree at the youth camp of the Norwegian Labour Party, two days ago. The suspect in Norway's twin attacks that killed at least 92 and wounded 97 says he acted alone, police said, in a "cruel" but "necessary" slaughter planned over many months. As Norway's king and prime minister joined mourners in the cathedral, police said they are still trying to establish whether there was "one or several" shooters in the attack on Utoeya island, northwest of Oslo. ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images # 69 Two young woman mourn during a gathering on July 24, 2011 in Oslo to pay tribute to the victims of a bomb explosion which ripped through government buildings and the shooting spree at the youth camp of the Norwegian Labour Party, two days ago. The suspect in Norway's twin attacks that killed at least 92 and wounded 97 says he acted alone, police said, in a "cruel" but "necessary" slaughter planned over many months. As Norway's king and prime minister joined mourners in the cathedral, police said they are still trying to establish whether there was "one or several" shooters in the attack on Utoeya island, northwest of Oslo. ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images # 70 People crowd on July 24, 2011 in Oslo around a flower tribute to the victims of a bomb explosion which ripped through government buildings and the shooting spree at the youth camp of the Norwegian Labour Party, two days ago. The suspect in Norway's twin attacks that killed at least 92 and wounded 97 says he acted alone, police said, in a "cruel" but "necessary" slaughter planned over many months. As Norway's king and prime minister joined mourners in the cathedral, police said they are still trying to establish whether there was "one or several" shooters in the attack on Utoeya island, northwest of Oslo. ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images # 71 Roses lie on a balcony overlooking a vigil in Oslo attended by some 150,000 people holding flowers in a show of solidarity with the victims of recent attacks in Norway, on July 25, 2011. At least 76 were killed on July 22 in a bombing of government buildings in central Oslo and a series of shootings at a Labour Party youth camp on an island just outside the capital. Central Oslo streets were closed to traffic because of the vigil, which had originally been planned as a "flower march" but it was decided that people should stay in one place because of the large numbers turning up. ODD ANDERSEN/AFP/Getty Images # 72 A group of paramedics place flowers on a makeshift memorial outside the Domkirken church in Oslo on July 25, 2011. A minute of silence was observed across Norway at midday , an hour before the confessed perpetrator was due in court for his attack on government buildings and the massacre on the youth camp of the Norwegian Labour Party where at least 93 were killed in Friday's attacks in Norway. JONATHAN NACKSTRAND/AFP/Getty Images # 73 Relatives of a victim gather to observe a minute's silence on a campsite jetty on the Norwegian mainland, across the water from Utoya island, seen in the background, where people have been placing floral tributes in memory of those killed in the shooting massacre on the island, Monday, July 25, 2011. An Oslo district court judge decides to hold the arraignment for the suspect in the twin attacks in Norway behind closed doors, depriving him of the platform he's looking for to air his belief that Europe must be saved from Muslim colonization. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) # 74 Rescue workers prepare a small submarine in Utoya, Norway, Sunday, July 24, 2011. A Norwegian dressed as a police officer gunned down at least 85 people on the island before being arrested Friday, police said. Rescue workers were still searching Sunday for the bodies of other possible victims who tried to escape the massacre on the island.(AP Photo/Frank Augstein) # 75 A Norwegian man lights a candle to pay tribute to victims of the twin attacks near the Domkirke church on Friday, in central Oslo, Norway, Saturday, July 23, 2011. A massive bombing Friday in the heart of Oslo was followed by a horrific shooting spree on an island hosting a youth retreat for the prime minister's center-left party. A Norwegian with reported Christian fundamentalist, anti-Muslim views, was suspected in both attacks. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) # 76 A young boy throws a rose into the lake opposite to the island of Utoya, Norway, Sunday, July 24, 2011. A Norwegian dressed as a police officer gunned down at least 84 people at an island youth retreat on Friday before being arrested . Investigators are still searching the surrounding waters, where people fled the attack, which followed an explosion in nearby Oslo that killed seven. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein) # 77 Mourning roses cast by sympathizers float in the lake near the island of Utoya, Norway, Sunday, July 24, 2011. A Norwegian dressed as a police officer gunned down at least 84 people at an island youth retreat on Friday before being arrested. Investigators are still searching the surrounding waters, where people fled the attack, which followed an explosion in nearby Oslo that killed seven. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein) # 78 People light candles in memory of the victims of the attacks on Norway's government headquarters in Oslo and an island youth retreat, as they pay their respects at Oslo Cathedral, Sunday, July 24, 2011. A Norwegian man detonated a bomb in central Oslo and then gunned down at least 84 people at Utoya island youth retreat, on Friday before being arrested. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham) # 79 People react as they pay tribute to victims of the twin attacks before a memorial service at Oslo Cathedral, Sunday, July 24, 2011. The man blamed for the terrorist attacks on Norway's government headquarters and an island retreat for young people that left scores dead was motivated by a desire to bring about a revolution in Norwegian society, his lawyer said Sunday. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) # 80 A woman fixes a rose at a fence at the bomb site in Oslo, Norway, Monday, July 25, 2011 in memory of the victims of Friday's bomb and shooting massacre. A judge denied Anders Behring Breivik the public stage he wanted to air his anti-Muslim rants and call for revolution on Monday, ruling that the first hearing for the man who has confessed to Norway's twin terror attacks be held behind closed doors. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein) # 81 People gather outside Oslo City Hall to participate in a "rose march" in memory of the victims of Friday's bomb attack and shooting massacre Monday July 25, 2011. Anders Behring Breivik has admitted bombing Norway's capital and opening fire on a political youth group retreat, but he entered a plea of not guilty, saying he wanted to save Europe from Muslim immigration. Police announced Monday that they had dramatically overcounted the number of people slain in a shooting spree at a political youth group's island retreat and were lowering the confirmed death toll from 86 to 68. (AP Photo/Aleksander Andersen, Scanpix Norway) # 82 A man holds a rose at the bomb site in Oslo, Norway, Monday, July 25, 2011 in memory of the victims of Friday's bomb and shooting massacre. A judge denied Anders Behring Breivik the public stage he wanted to air his anti-Muslim rants and call for revolution on Monday, ruling that the first hearing for the man who has confessed to Norway's twin terror attacks be held behind closed doors. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein) # 83 A condolence book that U.S. President Barack Obama signed for the victims of the attacks in Norway lies on a table at the Norwegian Embassy July 26, 2011 in Washington, DC. Seventy-six people were killed in a bomb blast and shooting spree July 22 in Oslo Norway. (Photo by Dennis Brack-Pool/Getty Images) # 84 A woman holds a rose as she arrive to pay tribute to victims of the twin attacks at a memorial service at Oslo Cathedral, Sunday, July 24, 2011. The man blamed for attacks on Norway's government headquarters and an island retreat for young people that left at least 93 dead said he was motivated by a desire to bring about a revolution in Norwegian society, his lawyer said Sunday. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) # 85 A woman mourns in Sundvollen, close to Utoya island, where gunman Anders Behring Breivik killed at least 68 people, near Oslo, Norway, Tuesday, July 26, 2011. Norwegian police on Tuesday began releasing the names of those killed in last week's bomb blast and massacre at a youth camp, an announcement likely to bring new collective grief to an already reeling nation. (AP Photo/Ferdinand Ostrop) # 86 Mourning roses cast by sympathizers float in the lake near the island of Utoya, Norway, Sunday, July 24, 2011. A Norwegian dressed as a police officer gunned down at least 84 people at an island youth retreat on Friday before being arrested. Investigators are still searching the surrounding waters, where people fled the attack, which followed an explosion in nearby Oslo that killed seven. (AP Photo/Frank Augstein) # 87 Two young women stand in silence after placing flower near Sundvollen close to the Utoya island, near Oslo, Norway, Tuesday, July 26, 2011, where a gunman Anders Behring Breivik killed at least 68 people. The defense lawyer for the man who confessed to the mass killings of government workers and Labor Party youth in Norway told The Associated Press on Tuesday that there's no way his client will walk free, saying Anders Behring Breivik's rampage was absurd and horrible and he's likely insane. (AP Photo/Ferdinand Ostrop) # 88 A large crowd takes part in a rose walk in Oslo, Norway, Monday, July 25, 2011 after last week's attack that claimed the lives of at least 76 people. Officials in Norway formally charged 32-year-old Anders Breivik with violating the country's anti-terrorism laws and remanded him to solitary confinement for the next four weeks. (Jorg Carstensen/DPA/Abaca Press/MCT) # 89 Tributes are left at Smmerapen Norderhov kirke during a memorial service following friday's twin extremist attacks, on July 24, 2011 in Oslo, Norway. A man named as Anders Behring Breivik has been arrested and is being held as the primary suspect following a bomb blast at a government building in Oslo yesterday and a shooting masscare on nearby Utoya island that killed 92 people in all. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images) #

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