Tuesday, June 3, 2014

Photos from Afghanistan, the last 5 months

 

 

 

  • There are now about 33,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan, down from 100,000 in 2011
  • Some U.S. officials believe Afghan forces will require substantial, hands-on support from foreign troops, in addition to help from the United States
  • Others believe Afghan troops can contain the Taliban almost entirely by themselves

The number of U.S. troops in Afghanistan may drop well below 10,000 - the minimum demanded by the U.S. military to train Afghan forces - as the longest war in American history winds down, Obama administration officials briefed on the matter say.
Since Afghanistan's general election on April 5, White House, State Department and Pentagon officials have resumed discussions on how many American troops should remain after the current U.S.-led coalition ends its mission this year.
The decision to consider a small force, possibly less than 5,000 U.S. troops, reflects a belief among White House officials that Afghan security forces have evolved into a robust enough force to contain a still-potent Taliban-led insurgency. The small U.S. force that would remain could focus on counter-terrorism or training operations.

U.S. Army soldiers may gradually begin leaving Afghanistan until there are as low as 5,000 soldiers left

U.S. Army soldiers may gradually begin leaving Afghanistan until there are as low as 5,000 soldiers left

That belief, the officials say, is based partly on Afghanistan's surprisingly smooth election, which has won international praise for its high turnout, estimated at 60 percent of 12 million eligible votes, and the failure of Taliban militants to stage high-profile attacks that day.
The Obama administration has been looking at options for a possible residual U.S. force for months.
'The discussion is very much alive,' said one U.S. official who asked not to be identified. 'They're looking for additional options under 10,000' troops.'
There are now about 33,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan, down from 100,000 in 2011, when troop numbers peaked a decade into a conflict originally intended to deny al Qaeda sanctuary in Afghanistan after the September 11, 2001, attacks. With British and other foreign troops scheduled to depart in lock step with U.S. soldiers, the size of any residual U.S. force could add fuel to a debate in Washington over whether Taliban-led violence will intensify amid the vacuum left by Western forces, as some U.S. military officials expect.

Military leaders, including American General Joe Dunford, who heads U.S. and NATO forces in Afghanistan, has identified 10,000 soldiers as the minimum needed to help train and advise Afghan forces fighting the insurgency, arguing a smaller force would struggle to protect itself.

During a March visit to Washington, Dunford told lawmakers that without foreign soldiers supporting them, Afghan forces would begin to deteriorate "fairly quickly" in 2015. The Afghan air force, still several years away from being self-sufficient, will require even more assistance, he said.

A smaller U.S. force could have other unintended consequences, possibly discouraging already skeptical lawmakers from fully funding U.S. commitments to help fund Afghan forces.

Ever since Afghanistan's smooth April 5 election, officials believe that the Afghan troops may be able to contain the Taliban themselves

 

Ever since Afghanistan's smooth April 5 election, officials believe that the Afghan troops may be able to contain the Taliban themselves

At their current size, Afghan forces will cost at least $5 billion in 2015, a sum far beyond the reach of the Afghan government. The United States has been widely expected to be the largest outside funder for those forces.

The Taliban and other militants have been weakened by more than 12 years of Afghan and NATO assaults, but they still can obtain supplies and plan attacks from Afghanistan's remote mountain regions and tribal areas of neighboring Pakistan.
Some analysts are wary of reducing the U.S. presence to less than 10,000 troops.
"If the White House opts to keep a lower number of troops, it will put more pressure on the Afghan forces and run the risk of squandering their recent progress against the Taliban,' said Lisa Curtis, a former CIA analyst and State Department official now with the conservative Heritage Foundation, a think tank in Washington.

There are now about 33,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan, down from 100,000 in 2011

There are now about 33,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan, down from 100,000 in 2011

A U.S. force significantly below 10,000 might focus almost exclusively on counter-terrorism, tracking militants affiliated with a greatly weakened but resilient al Qaeda insurgency based on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, officials said.
Debate over the size of a residual U.S. force follows the failure of the U.S. and Afghan governments to finalize a Bilateral Security Agreement (BSA) to authorize a U.S. troop presence in Afghanistan beyond 2014, the deadline for U.S. and NATO troops to conclude their fight against the Taliban.

'The longer we go without a BSA, the more challenging it will be to plan and execute any U.S. mission,' said Laura Lucas Magnuson, a White House spokeswoman.

'Furthermore, the longer we go without a BSA, the more likely it will be that any post-2014 U.S. mission will be smaller in scale and ambition.'

Results of the recent presidential election may not be known for weeks, or months if runoffs take place. But leading candidates have said they will sign the agreement, which has been on hold because of reservations from current Afghan President Hamid Karzai.

In late February, Obama announced that the United States might seek to sign the deal with Karzai's successor and possibly keep troops there after 2014 to train and advise Afghan forces and pursue al Qaeda militants.

Some U.S. officials believe Afghan forces will require substantial, hands-on support from foreign troops, in addition to help from the United States.

Mixed legacy for Karzai as Afghan president

KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — Afghans go to the polls next weekend to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Hamid Karzai's greatest achievement.

There has been no shortage of criticism of Karzai in recent years. His mercurial behavior and inability or unwillingness to tackle corruption in his government have been well documented.

But in a nation hardened by decades of war, the fact that he is stepping down as president in the first democratic transfer of power ever is no small matter. It is made possible by a constitution that Karzai helped draft and that prohibits him from serving a third five-year term.

An Afghan carpet seller holds up a framed carpet depicting Afghan President Hamid Karzai in his store in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, March 30, 2014. Afghans ...

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An Afghan carpet seller holds up a framed carpet depicting Afghan President Hamid Karzai in his store in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, March 30, 2014. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai¿s greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

The April 5 election "is a historical marker that will in many ways determine I think not only how he's seen in history if he achieves that but will also be a very important indicator about the future of this country," U.S. Ambassador James Cunningham said last week.

Cunningham said the differences between Karzai and his former American backers will most likely be relegated to a mere historical footnote. Karzai has refused to sign a security pact with the U.S. that would allow thousands of foreign forces to remain here after the end of 2014. Despite overwhelming public support for the deal, he left the decision to his successor. Many believe Karzai simply did not want to be remembered as the president who permitted foreign troops to stay in Afghanistan.

Karzai inherited a broken country when the Americans and their allies chose him more than 12 years ago as a leader they hoped could cross ethnic lines, embrace former enemies and bring Afghans together. As he prepares to leave office, Afghanistan has made great strides yet remains hobbled by a resilient Taliban insurgency and fears of a return to civil war.

In many parts of the country, women have more opportunities, schools have opened and nascent governmental institutions are functioning. After five years of oppressive Taliban rule, people are allowed to express their views in public.

"This is one of his greatest legacies. We are here and we can say whatever we want and we can say it to him," said Saima Khogyani, one of 69 women lawmakers in parliament. "Whether he does what we ask is something else, but he listens."

But widespread corruption, poor governance and stubborn poverty foster support for the Taliban, who control vast rural sections of southern and eastern Afghanistan. The militants have not only shown little interest in peace but have stepped up attacks aimed at disrupting the elections.

Critics fault Karzai for employing former warlords linked to massive abuses. Karzai's defenders say he was hamstrung because the U.S.-led coalition enlisted those warlords to fight the Taliban, empowering them.

Many remember the Karzai of the 1980s, when he lived in Pakistan as the former Soviet Union bombed his homeland, napalm laying waste to the countryside. He would talk of the Afghanistan of his childhood — ruby red pomegranate orchards as far as the eye could see, tribal elders passing through his family home outside the southern city of Kandahar, his father, a Popalzai tribal elder, dispensing wisdom and making decisions with a single sweep of his hand.

"What he understood as democracy was what his father practiced in Kandahar, traditional (ethnic) Pashtun back and forth, (use of) jirgas," as a tool of governance, said Afghan journalist Ahmad Rashid. "I think it is his memories of his father and his past and how ruling and governing was done in the 60s when he was a child that has had just a huge impact on him."

Shortly after the Taliban seized power in Kabul in 1996, Karzai became a matchmaker of sorts, shuttling between Afghanistan's disparate anti-Taliban groups trying to unite them under a single umbrella.

After the U.S.-led invasion in late 2001, Karzai led a small band of men into southern Afghanistan to take on the Taliban regime. The Taliban eventually surrendered not to the Americans but to Karzai, seeking his guarantees of safe passage.

Karzai was still in the mountains in Uruzgan province when he was reached by satellite telephone and told that his lifelong dream would come true: He would be the president of Afghanistan. He was to head a government cobbled together in Bonn, Germany, a collection of warlords-turned-politicians who brought with them their weapons and their militias.

Afghanistan, which was a monarchy until 1973, has had other heads of state but none has been democratically elected.

"There were other possible leaders, but Karzai's role in opposing the Taliban, his personal and family sacrifices, and his role in the war set him apart," said Zalmay Khalilzad, who served as President George W. Bush's special representative to Afghanistan.

To many Afghan officials and foreign observers, Khalilzad was Afghanistan's de-facto ruler in those initial months after the Taliban's collapse. He lived at the palace, crafted alliances and took center stage organizing the traditional grand councils or loya jirgas that would eventually approve Afghanistan's constitution.

"In the early days he (Karzai) was very much obligated to the Americans, in their lap as it were," said Rashid. "Khalilzad was almost running the country. It took some time for him to emerge."

Khalilzad and Rashid agreed that Karzai's greatest contribution was his ability to cross ethnic lines, make deals with former enemies and hold the country together.

"Karzai helped communities overcome past divisions, uniting the minority groups with the non-Taliban Pashtuns," said Khalilzad. "He enabled all communities to come together and overcome, to a large extent, the conflicts of the past. He has not put people in jail because they oppose him. He allowed freedom of expression. State structures have been restored, though unevenly."

His leadership was affirmed in a 2004 election, although his re-election in 2009 was tainted by allegations of massive ballot box stuffing. With that in mind, some candidates have raised fears about fraud and government interference in the upcoming elections. Relentless insurgent violence also could keep jittery voters from the polling stations.

Time and distance have caused memories to fade, occasionally shining an unfairly harsh light on Karzai's performance, said Paula Newberg, a former special adviser to the United States in Afghanistan.

"It's sometimes hard to remember how isolated Afghanistan was in 2001," said Newberg, a government professor at University of Texas. "Afghanistan from 1996 to mid-2001 was a place where free speech was absent, women were hidden, food was scarce, and health care almost non-existent. Afghans themselves had little opportunity to improve their lives in Afghanistan, and large numbers were leaving the country for any place that would have them."

The list of challenges Karzai faced over the years was daunting, said Newberg.

"President Karzai's tenure in office could not have been anything but challenging," she said. "He came to office with the high expectations of others and great optimism among many Afghans and foreigners alike."

He wowed the West with his impeccable English. Even the creative force behind Gucci, Tom Ford, anointed Karzai, resplendent in his long green and purple striped coat and signature karakul hat, "the choicest man on the planet."

But the presence of more than 130,000 U.S. and NATO troops in Afghanistan, a spike in deaths of civilians by errant bombings and a coterie of "yes" men by Karzai's side caused the relationship to sour. He began angering Washington with belligerent statements, sometimes accusing the U.S. of being in cahoots with the Taliban and more recently calling the Taliban "our brothers" as he sought to bring them into a peace process.

Karzai resented the United States for not taking the fight to Pakistan, where he believed the war should have been fought instead of in Afghanistan. And his friends say he never forgave many world leaders for what he felt was their deeply insulting criticism of the disputed 2009 election.

"He disagreed with the United States about the source of the war," Khalilzad said in an email. "Also, he was treated personally in a way that violated his sense of honor."

___

Associated Press writer Kim Gamel contributed to this report. Kathy Gannon is AP Special Regional Correspondent for Afghanistan and Pakistan and can be followed on www.twitter.com/kathygannon

In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai hangs on a wall in the main room of the district municipality in eastern Ka...

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In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai hangs on a wall in the main room of the district municipality in eastern Kabul. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai¿s greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo, a giant picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai, right, is displayed next to Afghanistan's late King Amanullah Khan ...

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In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo, a giant picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai, right, is displayed next to Afghanistan's late King Amanullah Khan on the parade ground of the Ministry of Defense in Kabul, Afghanistan. Karzai inherited a broken country when the Americans and their allies chose him more than 12 years ago as a leader they hoped could cross ethnic lines, embrace former enemies and bring Afghans together. As he prepares to leave office, Afghanistan has made great strides yet remains hobbled by a resilient Taliban insurgency and fears of a return to civil war. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

FILE - In this Nov. 26, 2013 file photo Afghan Army soldiers exercise under a picture of Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai at a training facility in the o...

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FILE - In this Nov. 26, 2013 file photo Afghan Army soldiers exercise under a picture of Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai at a training facility in the outskirts of Kabul, Afghanistan. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai¿s greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus, File)

In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo, a giant picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai is displayed on the parade ground of the Ministry of Defense in Kabu...

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In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo, a giant picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai is displayed on the parade ground of the Ministry of Defense in Kabul, Afghanistan. Karzai inherited a broken country when the Americans and their allies chose him more than 12 years ago as a leader they hoped could cross ethnic lines, embrace former enemies and bring Afghans together. As he prepares to leave office, Afghanistan has made great strides yet remains hobbled by a resilient Taliban insurgency and fears of a return to civil war. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

A picture of Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai hangs in a police chief's office, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, March 30, 2014. Karzai inherited a broken ...

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A picture of Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai hangs in a police chief's office, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, March 30, 2014. Karzai inherited a broken country when the Americans and their allies chose him more than 12 years ago as a leader they hoped could cross ethnic lines, embrace former enemies and bring Afghans together. As he prepares to leave office, Afghanistan has made great strides yet remains hobbled by a resilient Taliban insurgency and fears of a return to civil war. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

In this Oct. 15, 2012 photo, an Afghan police recruit looks at a picture of President Hamid Karzai hung above beds in his sleeping quarters at the National P...

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In this Oct. 15, 2012 photo, an Afghan police recruit looks at a picture of President Hamid Karzai hung above beds in his sleeping quarters at the National Police Academy in Kabul, Afghanistan. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai¿s greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai hangs on a wall in the main room of the district municipality in eastern K...

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In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai hangs on a wall in the main room of the district municipality in eastern Kabul. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai¿s greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

FILE - In this Oct. 29, 2013 file photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai hangs on a wall at a technical school in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Afghans g...

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FILE - In this Oct. 29, 2013 file photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai hangs on a wall at a technical school in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai¿s greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus, File)

In this Wednesday, May 26, 2014 photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai, right, hangs next to Afghan political and military leader Ahmad Shah Masso...

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In this Wednesday, May 26, 2014 photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai, right, hangs next to Afghan political and military leader Ahmad Shah Massoud at a luxury hotel in Kabul, Afghanistan. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai¿s greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

In this Oct. 15, 2012 photo, an Afghan police recruit stands in front of a board with announcements and a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai outside th...

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In this Oct. 15, 2012 photo, an Afghan police recruit stands in front of a board with announcements and a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai outside the sleeping quarters of the National Police Academy in Kabul, Afghanistan. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai¿s greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai is displayed on a wall inside the Ministry of Defense in Kabul, Afghanista...

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In this Saturday, March 29, 2014 photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai is displayed on a wall inside the Ministry of Defense in Kabul, Afghanistan. Karzai inherited a broken country when the Americans and their allies chose him more than 12 years ago as a leader they hoped could cross ethnic lines, embrace former enemies and bring Afghans together. As he prepares to leave office, Afghanistan has made great strides yet remains hobbled by a resilient Taliban insurgency and fears of a return to civil war. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

FILE - In this Oct. 29, 2013 file photo, an Afghan soldier with a picture of President Hamid Karzai on his bullet proof vest, stands guard in the center of K...

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FILE - In this Oct. 29, 2013 file photo, an Afghan soldier with a picture of President Hamid Karzai on his bullet proof vest, stands guard in the center of Kandahar, southern Afghanistan. Karzai inherited a broken country when the Americans and their allies chose him more than 12 years ago as a leader they hoped could cross ethnic lines, embrace former enemies and bring Afghans together. As he prepares to leave office, Afghanistan has made great strides yet remains hobbled by a resilient Taliban insurgency and fears of a return to civil war. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus, file)

In this Thursday, March 27, 2014 photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai is displayed on the book shelf in the living room of presidential candidat...

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In this Thursday, March 27, 2014 photo, a picture of Afghan President Hamid Karzai is displayed on the book shelf in the living room of presidential candidate Zalmai Rassoul in Kabul, Afghanistan. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai¿s greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)

'He never gives up and he does not quit': President honors war hero injured on his 10th tour of Afghanistan in State of the Union address before leading emotional standing ovation in his honor

  • Both sides of the house give standing ovation to Afghanistan and Iraq veteran Ranger Sgt. 1st Class Cory Remsburg
  • President Obama praised him as a shining example of bravery to Americans during his fifth State of the Union speech on Tuesday evening
  • In a touching gesture - Sgt. Remsburg acknowledged the applause with a thumbs-up
  • The president then replied with his own thumbs-up before giving the wounded soldier a salute
  • Remsburg was the guest of first lady Michelle Obama - who invited those whose personal stories can help highlight a particular policy or issue for the president
  • Also in attendance were Boston bombing survivor Jeff Bauman and Carlos Arredondo
  • Arredondo was the man seen wearing a cowboy hat carrying him to safety in a memorable picture from the terror attack

President Obama brought both sides of the political divide together during Tuesday's State of the Union address as he paid an emotional tribute to injured Afghanistan veteran Ranger Sgt. 1st Class Cory Remsburg.

The president drew a standing ovation from Republicans and Democrats for the war hero who was left in a coma for three months in 2009 after a roadside bomb hit his convoy outside Kandahar during his 10th deployment to Afghanistan and Iraq.

As Remsburg, 30, watched on from the public gallery as a guest of first lady, Michelle Obama, President Obama told the packed house how the hero continues to be an example to Americans each day as he works on his recovery.

'Cory is here tonight. And like the Army he loves, like the America he serves, Sergeant First Class Cory Remsburg never gives up, and he does not quit' and that he reminds us that 'America has never come easy.'

Scroll down for video

Unifying hero: US Army Ranger Sergeant First Class Cory Remsburg  gives a thumbs up while receiving a standing ovation during US President Barack Obama's State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on Tuesday

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Unifying hero: US Army Ranger Sergeant First Class Cory Remsburg gives a thumbs up while receiving a standing ovation during US President Barack Obama's State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on Tuesday

Thank you: Army Ranger Sgt.1st Class Cory Remsburg acknowledges applause from first lady Michelle Obama and President Obama - who gave him a thumbs up right back - during the State of the Union address on Tuesday night

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Thank you: Army Ranger Sgt.1st Class Cory Remsburg gives a thumbs up to President Barack Obama during his State of the Union address which the commander in chief returned as the entire house gave the veteran a standing ovation

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Thank you: Army Ranger Sgt.1st Class Cory Remsburg gives a thumbs up to President Barack Obama during his State of the Union address which the commander in chief returned - as the entire house gave the veteran a standing ovation

Obama leads emotional standing ovation for wounded vet

Tribute for a hero: Army Ranger Sgt. 1st Class Cory Remsburg is applauded after President Barack Obama acknowledged him during his State of the Union address on Capitol Hill

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Tribute for a hero: Army Ranger Sgt. 1st Class Cory Remsburg is applauded after President Barack Obama acknowledged him during his State of the Union address on Capitol Hill

Acknowledgement of his service: Everyone in the chamber stood and applauded Remsburg for a minute and 44 seconds, the most sustained applause of the evening

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Acknowledgement of his service: Everyone in the chamber stood and applauded Remsburg for a minute and 44 seconds, the most sustained applause of the evening

Ten tours of duty: U.S. Army Ranger Sgt. First Class Cory Remsburg, injured while serving in Afghanistan, acknowledges applause during President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech

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Ten tours of duty: U.S. Army Ranger Sgt. First Class Cory Remsburg, injured while serving in Afghanistan, acknowledges applause during President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech

Welcome: First Lady Michelle Obama gives Army Ranger Sergeant First Class Cory Remsburg the thumbs up prior to US President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Tuesday night

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Welcome: First Lady Michelle Obama gives Army Ranger Sergeant First Class Cory Remsburg the thumbs up prior to US President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Tuesday night

Emotional moment: Rep. Tammy Duckworth wipes tears from her eyes during a standing ovation for U.S. Army Ranger Sgt. First Class Cory Remsburg, injured while serving in Afghanistan, who was a guest in first lady Michelle Obama's box

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Emotional moment: Rep. Tammy Duckworth wipes tears from her eyes during a standing ovation for U.S. Army Ranger Sgt. First Class Cory Remsburg, injured while serving in Afghanistan, who was a guest in first lady Michelle Obama's box

Watch Video Here:

Obama says America is better positioned than any nation

First meeting: President Obama was first introduced to Sgt. 1st Class Cory Remsburg in France in 2009 at the 65th anniversary of the D-Day landings

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First meeting: President Obama was first introduced to Sgt. 1st Class Cory Remsburg in France in 2009 at the 65th anniversary of the D-Day landings

In an emotional moment, a visibly touched Remsburg then stood to acknowledge the sustained applause from the house as Michelle Obama smiled broadly at him and gave him a thumbs up.

Then, the wounded soldier gave a thumbs-up in the direction of President Obama - who replied in kind and then saluted Sgt. Remsburg.

It was a unifying moment and the high point of a policy laden speech that was filled with the president's threats to use his executive powers to bypass Republicans on legislation on Capitol Hill.

'Sgt. 1st Class Cory Remsburg never gives up and he does not quit': The American hero who united Congress in a standing ovation

Sgt. First Class Cory Remsburg joined the Army on his 18th birthday even though he wanted to enlist aged 17.

It was his father ather Craig- an ex-serviceman - who attended the State of the Union address with him on Tuesday, who refused to sign the papers that would have allowed to him to join earlier.

He was first deployed at age 18 to the 2003 invasion of Iraq and in total he has been on 10 deployments there and to Afghanistan.

During his tours of duty with the Army, he clocked up 39 months in combat and was made chief of his company's heavy weapons unit.

During his last deployment in October 2009, he was struck and almost killed by a roadside bomb in Kandahar, Afghanistan

The force of the blast caused him to be propelled into a canal, face down, with shrapnel embedded in his brain - leaving him with a horrendous head wound.

Sadly one of Remsburg's comrades in arms died in the same explosion.

Remsburg suffered terrible injuries and was left in a coma for three months as a result, leaving him partially paralyzed, with difficulties speaking and brain damaged.

However, Remsburg was unwilling to be bowed and went through at least 12 surgeries and hundreds of hours of rehabilitation.

He has recovered sufficiently to be able to walk and speak now, although he still has problems with the left side of his body and is blind in his right eye.

He was able to leave full time medical care last year and has returned home to Phoenix, Arizona, where he is working on his recovery and has begun cycling to aid this.

His military honors include the Purple Heart, the National Defense Service Medal and the Bronze Star.

It was toward the end of Obama’s address when he gestured toward the uniformed man from Phoenix seated next to first lady Michelle Obama and described the difference between the Remsburg he’d met the first time at Omaha beach on the 65th anniversary of D-Day— 'sharp as a tack'— and the wounded warrior his fellow soldiers found face-down in a canal, underwater, with shrapnel in his brain.

'The next time I met him, in the hospital, he couldn’t speak; he could barely move,' Obama said to the now-silent crowd in the House chamber. 'Over the years, he’s endured dozens of surgeries and procedures, and hours of grueling rehab every day.'

As Obama spoke, the heads of lawmakers, Supreme Court justices and Cabinet members swiveled to their right and upward toward Remsburg, who had been clapping all evening by patting his right hand on his chest. His left hand lay curled in a brace.

Remsburg, seated beside his father, Craig, is still blind in one eye and struggles on his left side, Obama said. But he’s slowly learned to speak, stand and walk again. He’s been awarded the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart.

'Like the Army he loves, like the America he serves, Sgt. 1st Class Cory Remsburg never gives up and he does not quit,' Obama said.

Everyone in the chamber stood and applauded Remsburg for a minute and 44 seconds, the most sustained applause of the evening.

Wearing a bow tie under his uniform, Remsburg stood, waved and gave a thumbs up. Obama returned it.

As Obama made his way out of the House chamber, Remsburg was helped up the steps of the gallery by his father. What was left of the crowd turned toward him again and applauded.

The president's speech drew an eclectic mix of visitors to the House chamber.

Among those sitting with Mrs. Obama were two survivors of the Boston Marathon bombing, as well as Jason Collins, an openly gay former NBA player.

Republican House Speaker John Boehner brought business owners from his home state of Ohio who say Obama's health care overhaul is hurting their companies. Willie Robertson, a star of the television show 'Duck Dynasty,' also scored a seat in the House gallery, courtesy of the Republicans.

Recovery: President Obama next met Sgt. First Class Cory Remsburg as he recovered from the serious injuries he suffered when he was hit by a road side bomb in Afghanistan in October 2009

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Recovery: President Obama next met Sgt. First Class Cory Remsburg as he recovered from the serious injuries he suffered when he was hit by a road side bomb in Afghanistan in October 2009

Third time: Never giving up, Sgt. First Class Cory Remsburg has battled back from his injuries to regain the ability to walk and here he is meeting President Obama for the third time

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Third time: Never giving up, Sgt. First Class Cory Remsburg has battled back from his injuries to regain the ability to walk and here he is meeting President Obama for the third time

It has become tradition for the first lady's guests to include those whose personal stories can help highlight a particular policy or issue for the president. Twenty-four people were invited to join Mrs. Obama in her box, including two Boston Marathon bombing survivors, Jeff Bauman and his cowboy hatted rescuer, Carlos Arredondo.

First lady Michelle Obama arrives for President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Capitol Hill along with the honored guests she invited

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First lady Michelle Obama arrives for President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Capitol Hill along with the honored guests she invited

Honored guests: The first three rows near the First Lady were chocked-full of individuals who represent various parts of the President's policy initiatives

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Honored guests: The first three rows near the First Lady were chocked-full of individuals who represent various parts of the President's policy initiatives

1. Antoinette Tuff is the mother and book keeper credited by police with preventing a shooting at  Atlanta-area Ronald E. McNair Discovery Learning Academy in August by talking the gunman into surrendering.

2. Gary Bird. Is the fire chief who helped co-ordinate the response to the massive tornado that struck the town of Moore in May 2013, killing 25 people and destroying more than 1,000 homes and businesses.

3. San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee. The first Asian-American to run San Francisco, Lee is the son of Chinese immigrants and has helped mobilize support in Silicon Valley for an immigration overhaul. The White House also revealed that Lee is also working to raise San Francisco's minimum wage.

4. Vice Adm. Michelle Howard is set to become the Navy's first female four-star admiral this year. The White House said she will also become the first African-American female to achieve four stars. In 1999, she became the first black woman to command a Navy ship when she took command of the USS Rushmore.

5. Valerie B. Jarrett, is the Senior Advisor to President Barack Obama. She is also the Chair of the White House Council on Women and Girls and she oversees the Offices of Intergovernmental Affairs; Public Engagement; Urban Affairs; and Olympic, Paralympic, and Youth Sport.

Proud steps: Boston Marathon bombing survivor Jeff Bauman, who had to have both his legs amputated after being injured in the blasts, arrives before the start of U.S. President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech on Capitol Hill which he attended with Carlos Arredondo (right)

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Proud steps: Boston Marathon bombing survivor Jeff Bauman, who had to have both his legs amputated after being injured in the blasts, arrives before the start of U.S. President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech on Capitol Hill which he attended with Carlos Arredondo (right)

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Proud steps: Boston Marathon bombing survivor Jeff Bauman, who had to have both his legs amputated after being injured in the blasts, arrives before the start of U.S. President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech on Capitol Hill which he attended with Carlos Arredondo (right)

US President Barack Obama receives a standing ovation as he delivers the State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on Tuesday night

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US President Barack Obama receives a standing ovation as he delivers the State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on Tuesday night

I did it: U.S. President Barack Obama winks up at first lady Michelle Obama as he arrives to deliver his State of the Union speech

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I did it: U.S. President Barack Obama winks up at first lady Michelle Obama as he arrives to deliver his State of the Union speech

6 and 7 Carlos Arredondo, Boston Marathon rescuer and Jeff Bauman, Boston Marathon bombing survivor. A photograph of Arredondo, 53, and Bauman, 27, has become one of the more memorable images from the April 2013 bombing. It showed Arredondo rushing a badly injured Bauman away from the scene of the attack. Bauman, who lost both legs, played a crucial role in identifying the bombers while he was in the hospital recovering.

8 Amanda Shelley, is a 37-year-old physician's assistant. Shelley was uninsured and couldn't get coverage because of a pre-existing condition until Obama's health care legislation became law, the White House has claimed. Two days after receiving coverage, she encountered abdominal pain that eventually required emergency surgery - which she wouldn't have been able to otherwise.

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Obama encourages individual achievement and collective effort

9 Nick Chute, is a Punch Pizza employee who the White House says has benefited from his employer's decision to pay a higher minimum wage - he was acknowledged by the president during his speech.

10 John Soranno is the CEO of Punch Pizza, which has eight locations in the state and the boss of Nick Chute. He raised the company-wide minimum wage to $10 an hour - a decision the president praised during his State of the Union Speech.

11 Estiven Rodriguez, is the son of a Dominican immigrant, Estiven spoke no English when he came to the U.S. at age 9. Now a high school senior, Estiven is one of the top students in his class and will attend Dickinson College in the fall on a scholarship from the Posse Foundation. He recently attended a White House event on expanding college opportunity.

Survivor: Boston Marathon bombing survivor Jeff Bauman, who had to have both his legs amputated after being injured in the blasts, arrives before the start of U.S. President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech

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Survivor: Boston Marathon bombing survivor Jeff Bauman, who had to have both his legs amputated after being injured in the blasts, arrives before the start of U.S. President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech

Horror: Emergency responder and volunteers, including Carlos Arredondo in the cowboy hat, push Jeff Bauman in a wheel chair after he was injured in an explosion near the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday in Boston in April 2013

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Horror: Emergency responder and volunteers, including Carlos Arredondo in the cowboy hat, push Jeff Bauman in a wheel chair after he was injured in an explosion near the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday in Boston in April 2013

US President Barack Obama delivers his State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on the floor of the US House of Representatives in the US Capitol in Washington

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US President Barack Obama delivers his State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on the floor of the US House of Representatives in the US Capitol in Washington

12 Mary Barra became the first female CEO of General Motors this month after 33 years with the company. GM also benefited from a federal bailout of the auto industry.

Help: Boston Marathon bombing survivor Jeff Bauman arrives before the start of U.S. President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech on Capitol Hill in Washington on Tuesday night

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Help: Boston Marathon bombing survivor Jeff Bauman arrives before the start of U.S. President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech on Capitol Hill in Washington on Tuesday night

13 Sabrina Simone Jenkins is a single mother who served in the Air Force and then studied at DeVry University while working full time, caring for ill family members and dealing with her own serious medical issues. The White House said Jenkins graduated at age 42 with a 3.7 GPA and then earned a master's degree, but now has nearly $90,000 in student loan debt.

14 Craig Remsburg, a retired Air Force Reserve firefighter and father to war hero Cory.

15 Army Ranger Sgt. 1st Class Cory Remsburg has met with Obama three times since a roadside bomb in Kandahar, Afghanistan, on his 10th deployment, left him in a coma for three months, partially paralyzed and brain-damaged.

16 Misty DeMars (right of Mrs Obama), lost her job because of budget cuts a week after buying a home with her husband in May 2013. She wrote to Obama after her emergency unemployment benefits expired and now is one of the reasons why unemployment benefits are firmly back on the agenda.

17 Dr Jill Biden, wife of Vice President Joe Biden

18 Kathy Hollowell-Makle was the 2013 teacher of the year in the District of Columbia public school system. A former Teach for America corps member, Hollowell-Makle teaches at Abram Simon Elementary, where 90 percent of her students demonstrated early literacy at proficient or advanced levels

First lady Michelle Obama waves as she arrives for President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Capitol Hill in Washington

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First lady Michelle Obama waves as she arrives for President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Capitol Hill in Washington

One time opponent: Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y., and Senator John McCain, R-Ariz. applaud President Barack Obama's State of the Union address

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One time opponent: Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y., and Senator John McCain, R-Ariz. applaud President Barack Obama's State of the Union address

Another years address over: President Barack Obama greets members of Congress as he leaves after giving the State of Union address

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Another years address over: President Barack Obama greets members of Congress as he leaves after giving the State of Union address

Serious business: US Republican Representative from Wisconsin Paul Ryan (2nd R) listens to President Barack Obama deliver the State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on January 28, 2014 at the US Capitol in Washington

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Serious business: US Republican Representative from Wisconsin Paul Ryan (2nd R) listens to President Barack Obama deliver the State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on January 28, 2014 at the US Capitol in Washington

Those who also attended as guests of the first lady who are not pictured in the numbered picture above included, Peter Mouskondis, the president and CEO of Nicholas & Company, Inc., a third-generation, family-owned and operated food service distribution company, with roughly 500 employees.

And, Jason Collins, 35, who in April  became the first active male athlete on a major American sports team to come out as openly gay. Collins played 12 years in the NBA, going to the playoffs nine times and making the league finals twice, though he's no longer with an NBA team. Obama has said Collins' announcement marked progress for the gay community.

Louisiana guests: Duck Dynasty's Willie Robertson and his wife Korie walk on the floor of the House after President Barack Obama gave the State of the Union address on Capitol Hill

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Louisiana guests: Duck Dynasty's Willie Robertson and his wife Korie walk on the floor of the House after President Barack Obama gave the State of the Union address on Capitol Hill

After the selfies: Duck Dynasty star Willie Robertson walks on the House floor the State of the Union address

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After the selfies: Duck Dynasty star Willie Robertson walks on the House floor the State of the Union address

Sgt. Remsburg was just one of her honored guests on Tuesday during her husband's fifth State of the Union address to a joint session of congress - but some of the other guest attendees only served to highlight the deep partisan divide that exists on Capitol Hill.

While the first lady warmly embraced Sgt.Remsburg before the start of President Obama's address, Republicans such as former vice-presidential nominee Paul Ryan posed for selfies with controversial Duck Dynasty star Willie Robertson.

Robertson, the son of Duck Dynasty's patriarch Phil Robertson - who was temporarily suspended from the show after making anti-gay remarks - was invited by Louisiana's new Republican congressman, Vance McAllister.

Feted guests: Duck Dynasty's Willie Robertson, center and his wife Korie, talk with Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis., before President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Capitol Hill in Washington

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Feted guests: Duck Dynasty's Willie Robertson, center and his wife Korie, talk with Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis., before President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Capitol Hill in Washington

Indeed, Representative McAllister pointedly said in a statement that he looks forward to 'bringing some diversity to our nation's Capitol', with the invitation of the younger Robertson, despite the huge controversy his father created last year.

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Important: Duck Dynasty's Willie Robertson, center and his wife Korie, pose with Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis., before President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Capitol Hill

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Important: Duck Dynasty's Willie Robertson, center and his wife Korie, pose with Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis., before President Barack Obama's State of the Union address on Capitol Hill

In addition, South Carolina Senator Lindsey Graham threw his hat firmly into the Duck Dynasty ring by gifting his invite to Willie Robertson's wife, Korie Robertson - and tweeted a smiling picture to prove it.

During his speech, the president vowed to sidestep the continual partisan bickering on Capitol Hill and wanted to narrow the differences between the citizens of the United States.

'America does not stand still and neither do I,' Obama declared in his prime-time address before a joint session of Congress and millions of Americans watching on television.

The economy and other domestic issues, including health care, dominated the president's address.

He touched only briefly on foreign policy, reiterating his threat to veto any new sanctions Congress might levy on Iran while nuclear negotiations with the Islamic republic are underway and touting the drawdown of American troops from Afghanistan this year.

The president garnered some of his loudest applause - at least from Democrats - when he took on lawmakers who oppose his signature health care law, which floundered in its initial rollout last fall.

Obama said that while he doesn't expect to convince Republicans on the merits of the law, 'I know that the American people aren't interested in refighting old battles.'

The president's go-it-alone strategy is in many ways an acknowledgment that he has failed to make good on two major promises to the American people: that he would change Washington's hyper-partisanship and that his re-election would break the Republican 'fever' and clear the way for congressional action on major initiatives.

Some Republicans have warned that the president's focus on executive orders could backfire by angering GOP leaders who already don't trust the White House.

 

 

 

 

 

Photos from Afghanistan, the last 5 months

 

The Obama administration plans to keep 9,800 US troops in Afghanistan after the war formally ends later this year and then will withdraw most of those forces by the end of 2016, consolidating them in Kabul and on Bagram Air Base. In a broad defense of his foreign policy, the president declared during a May 28, 2014 speech at West Point that the U.S. remains the world’s most indispensable nation, even after a “long season of war,” but argued for restraint before embarking on more military adventures. The following images are from the first five months of 2014, as U.S. troops continue their slow draw-down and Afghan security forces oversee the election of a new president.

 

U.S. troops in Afghanistan may drop to as low as 5,000 as the longest war in American history finally winds down and 'Afghan security forces are robust enough to contain Taliban'

Description of  KANDAHAR, AFGHANISTAN - MARCH 09:  Children watch as soldiers with the U.S. Army's 4th squadron 2d Cavalry Regiment climb back into their MRAP vehicles following a patrol into a village on March 9, 2014 near Kandahar, Afghanistan.  U.S. President Barack Obama recently ordered the Pentagon to begin contingency planning for a pullout from Afghanistan by the end of 2014 if Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai or his successor refuses to sign the Bilateral Security Agreement.  (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)

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KANDAHAR, AFGHANISTAN - MARCH 09: Children watch as soldiers with the U.S. Army's 4th squadron 2d Cavalry Regiment climb back into their MRAP vehicles following a patrol into a village on March 9, 2014 near Kandahar, Afghanistan. U.S. President Barack Obama recently ordered the Pentagon to begin contingency planning for a pullout from Afghanistan by the end of 2014 if Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai or his successor refuses to sign the Bilateral Security Agreement. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images) #

Description of  An Afghan boy flies a kite on the Nadir Khan hilltop in Kabul, Afghanistan, Friday, May 9, 2014. Kite flying is a popular pastime in Afghanistan, where opponents go after the kite wafting in the air after its line gets cut by another player in the so-called kite fighting.(AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)

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An Afghan boy flies a kite on the Nadir Khan hilltop in Kabul, Afghanistan, Friday, May 9, 2014. Kite flying is a popular pastime in Afghanistan, where opponents go after the kite wafting in the air after its line gets cut by another player in the so-called kite fighting.(AP Photo/Rahmat Gul) #

Description of  KANDAHAR, AFGHANISTAN - MARCH 09:  Soldiers with the U.S. Army's 4th squadron 2d Cavalry Regiment eat lunch at an Afghan National Police (ANP) outpost during a patrol on March 9, 2014 near Kandahar, Afghanistan.  U.S. President Barack Obama recently ordered the Pentagon to begin contingency planning for a pullout from Afghanistan by the end of 2014 if Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai or his successor refuses to sign the Bilateral Security Agreement.  (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)

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KANDAHAR, AFGHANISTAN - MARCH 09: Soldiers with the U.S. Army's 4th squadron 2d Cavalry Regiment eat lunch at an Afghan National Police (ANP) outpost during a patrol on March 9, 2014 near Kandahar, Afghanistan. U.S. President Barack Obama recently ordered the Pentagon to begin contingency planning for a pullout from Afghanistan by the end of 2014 if Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai or his successor refuses to sign the Bilateral Security Agreement. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images) #

Description of  KANDAHAR, AFGHANISTAN - MARCH 09:  A young boy checks out SPC Brian Colip from Vacaville, California with the U.S. Army's 4th squadron 2d Cavalry Regiment while he keeps watch during a patrol through a village on March 9, 2014 near Kandahar, Afghanistan.  President Obama recently ordered the Pentagon to begin contingency planning for a pullout from Afghanistan by the end of 2014 if Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai or his successor refuses to sign the Bilateral Security Agreement.  (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images)

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KANDAHAR, AFGHANISTAN - MARCH 09: A young boy checks out SPC Brian Colip from Vacaville, California with the U.S. Army's 4th squadron 2d Cavalry Regiment while he keeps watch during a patrol through a village on March 9, 2014 near Kandahar, Afghanistan. President Obama recently ordered the Pentagon to begin contingency planning for a pullout from Afghanistan by the end of 2014 if Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai or his successor refuses to sign the Bilateral Security Agreement. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images) #

Description of  An Afghan carpet seller holds up a framed carpet depicting Afghan President Hamid Karzai in his store in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, March 30, 2014. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai's greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus) - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan.

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An Afghan carpet seller holds up a framed carpet depicting Afghan President Hamid Karzai in his store in Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, March 30, 2014. Afghans go to the polls April 5, 2014 to choose a new president, and that in itself may one day be considered Karzai's greatest achievement. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus) - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan. #

Description of  An Afghan special force soldier stands guard next to the damaged entrance of a Lebanese restaurant that was attacked in Kabul, on January 18, 2014.  At least 14 people were killed, including foreigners, in a multiple Taliban suicide attack on a popular restaurant in Kabul on January 17, officials said, with two gunmen launching an "indiscriminate" killing spree inside the venue. JOHANNES EISELE/AFP/Getty Images

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An Afghan special force soldier stands guard next to the damaged entrance of a Lebanese restaurant that was attacked in Kabul, on January 18, 2014. At least 14 people were killed, including foreigners, in a multiple Taliban suicide attack on a popular restaurant in Kabul on January 17, officials said, with two gunmen launching an "indiscriminate" killing spree inside the venue. JOHANNES EISELE/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Former Taliban fighters sit alongside their weapons, prior to handing them over as they join a government peace and reconciliation process at a ceremony in Jalalabad, capital of Nangarhar province on January 19, 2014. NATO formally transferred responsibility for nationwide security to Afghan forces in June 2013. Noorullah Shirzada/AFP/Getty Images

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Former Taliban fighters sit alongside their weapons, prior to handing them over as they join a government peace and reconciliation process at a ceremony in Jalalabad, capital of Nangarhar province on January 19, 2014. NATO formally transferred responsibility for nationwide security to Afghan forces in June 2013. Noorullah Shirzada/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan schoolgirls attend class in Kandahar on May 1, 2014. The literacy rate in Afghanistan is about 30 percent and about 42 percent of the country's population is under the age of 14. According to UNICEF more boys than girls attend classes in primary school in Afghanistan. JAVED TANVEER/AFP/Getty Images

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Afghan schoolgirls attend class in Kandahar on May 1, 2014. The literacy rate in Afghanistan is about 30 percent and about 42 percent of the country's population is under the age of 14. According to UNICEF more boys than girls attend classes in primary school in Afghanistan. JAVED TANVEER/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  A Pakistani man leads his donkey-cart past a burning trailer truck transporting NATO vehicles following an attack by gunmen in the Wazir Dhand area of Khyber on May 5, 2014. Gunmen attacked three container trucks carrying NATO supplies en route to Afghanistan in Pakistan's troubled northwest killing two people, officials said. AFP PHOTO/STRSTR/AFP/Getty Images

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A Pakistani man leads his donkey-cart past a burning trailer truck transporting NATO vehicles following an attack by gunmen in the Wazir Dhand area of Khyber on May 5, 2014. Gunmen attacked three container trucks carrying NATO supplies en route to Afghanistan in Pakistan's troubled northwest killing two people, officials said. AFP PHOTO/STRSTR/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan men protest following a suspected Taliban rocket attack during the night, in Ghazni province on May 14, 2014. Tens of Ghazni residents gathered in front of the provincial governor's office in the city, carrying the body of a dead child who was killed in rocket attack at their house in Qalai Qazi area of Ghazni.  A suspected Taliban rocket attack on the city hit a residential house in Ghazni killing three people including a child and a woman, officials said, with three children wounded in the attack. Rahmatullah Alizadah/AFP/Getty Images

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Afghan men protest following a suspected Taliban rocket attack during the night, in Ghazni province on May 14, 2014. Tens of Ghazni residents gathered in front of the provincial governor's office in the city, carrying the body of a dead child who was killed in rocket attack at their house in Qalai Qazi area of Ghazni. A suspected Taliban rocket attack on the city hit a residential house in Ghazni killing three people including a child and a woman, officials said, with three children wounded in the attack. Rahmatullah Alizadah/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan rescuers search desperately for survivors trapped under the mud in Argo district of Badakhshan province on May 3, 2014 after a massive landslide May 2 buried a village. Rescuers searched in vain for survivors May 3 after a landslide buried an Afghan village, killing 350 people and leaving thousands of others feared dead amid warnings that more earth could sweep down the hillside. Local people made desperate efforts to find victims trapped under a massive river of mud that engulfed Aab Bareek village in Badakhshan province, where little sign remained of hundreds of destroyed homes. SHAH MARAI/AFP/Getty Images

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Afghan rescuers search desperately for survivors trapped under the mud in Argo district of Badakhshan province on May 3, 2014 after a massive landslide May 2 buried a village. Rescuers searched in vain for survivors May 3 after a landslide buried an Afghan village, killing 350 people and leaving thousands of others feared dead amid warnings that more earth could sweep down the hillside. Local people made desperate efforts to find victims trapped under a massive river of mud that engulfed Aab Bareek village in Badakhshan province, where little sign remained of hundreds of destroyed homes. SHAH MARAI/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  An aerial view shows the site of Friday's landslide that buried Abi Barik village in Badakhshan province, northeastern Afghanistan, Monday, May 5, 2014. Hundreds of people were killed in a horrific landslide and authorities are trying to help the 700 families displaced by the torrent of mud that swept through their village. The families left their homes due to the threat of more landslides, Minister for Rural Rehabilitation Wais Ahmad Barmak said. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)

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An aerial view shows the site of Friday's landslide that buried Abi Barik village in Badakhshan province, northeastern Afghanistan, Monday, May 5, 2014. Hundreds of people were killed in a horrific landslide and authorities are trying to help the 700 families displaced by the torrent of mud that swept through their village. The families left their homes due to the threat of more landslides, Minister for Rural Rehabilitation Wais Ahmad Barmak said. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul) #

Description of  An Afghan woman, center, shakes a sheet from dust, near the site of Friday's landslide that buried Abi-Barik village in Badakhshan province, northeastern Afghanistan, Sunday, May 4, 2014. As Afghans observed a day of mourning Sunday for the hundreds of people killed in a horrific landslide, authorities tried to help the 700 families displaced by the torrent of mud that swept through their village. (AP Photo/Massoud Hossaini)

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An Afghan woman, center, shakes a sheet from dust, near the site of Friday's landslide that buried Abi-Barik village in Badakhshan province, northeastern Afghanistan, Sunday, May 4, 2014. As Afghans observed a day of mourning Sunday for the hundreds of people killed in a horrific landslide, authorities tried to help the 700 families displaced by the torrent of mud that swept through their village. (AP Photo/Massoud Hossaini) #

Description of  An Afghan security force member destroys an illegal poppy crop in the Noor Gal district of eastern Kunar province on April 29, 2014. Citing the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, John Sopko, the US Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, said January 2014 that the rise in opium production is expected to continue and threaten the stability of the Afghan government. Noorullah Shirzada/AFP/Getty Images

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An Afghan security force member destroys an illegal poppy crop in the Noor Gal district of eastern Kunar province on April 29, 2014. Citing the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, John Sopko, the US Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, said January 2014 that the rise in opium production is expected to continue and threaten the stability of the Afghan government. Noorullah Shirzada/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan children buy candy floss from a street vendor near Qargha Lake in the outskirts of Kabul on May 9, 2014. Qargha Lake, located 9 kms outside of Kabul, is a popular recreational spot and known for its swimming and boating activities. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images

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Afghan children buy candy floss from a street vendor near Qargha Lake in the outskirts of Kabul on May 9, 2014. Qargha Lake, located 9 kms outside of Kabul, is a popular recreational spot and known for its swimming and boating activities. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  This photograph taken on May 9, 2014 shows an Afghan youth playing over the remains of a Soviet-era tank, graffitied with heart symbols, at a hilltop near Qargha Lake in the outskirts of Kabul. Afghanistan remains at war, with civilians among the hardest hit as the Taliban wage an increasingly bloody insurgency against the government. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images

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This photograph taken on May 9, 2014 shows an Afghan youth playing over the remains of a Soviet-era tank, graffitied with heart symbols, at a hilltop near Qargha Lake in the outskirts of Kabul. Afghanistan remains at war, with civilians among the hardest hit as the Taliban wage an increasingly bloody insurgency against the government. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan residents queue to receive their voter cards at a voter registration centre in Kabul on March 30, 2014. Crowds queued up outside voter registration centres in Afghanistan and presidential candidates held large outdoor rallies for supporters six days ahead of elections that have been shaken by Taliban attacks. The vote, which will choose a successor to President Hamid Karzai, comes as US-led foreign troops withdraw after 13 years of fighting the fierce Islamist insurgency raging across the south and east of the country. SHAH MARAI/AFP/Getty Images

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Afghan residents queue to receive their voter cards at a voter registration centre in Kabul on March 30, 2014. Crowds queued up outside voter registration centres in Afghanistan and presidential candidates held large outdoor rallies for supporters six days ahead of elections that have been shaken by Taliban attacks. The vote, which will choose a successor to President Hamid Karzai, comes as US-led foreign troops withdraw after 13 years of fighting the fierce Islamist insurgency raging across the south and east of the country. SHAH MARAI/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  In this picture taken on March 17, 2014, Afghan soldiers attached to the 4th Brigade, 201 Army Corps of the Afghan National Army (ANA) joke around as they sit together in the late afternoon near their barracks at a forward operating base in Khogyani district. In the eastern district of Khogyani, the war against Taliban militants is a day-to-day struggle for control of fields and villages just outside Jalalabad, one of Afghanistan's biggest and most strategic cities. ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP/Getty Images

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In this picture taken on March 17, 2014, Afghan soldiers attached to the 4th Brigade, 201 Army Corps of the Afghan National Army (ANA) joke around as they sit together in the late afternoon near their barracks at a forward operating base in Khogyani district. In the eastern district of Khogyani, the war against Taliban militants is a day-to-day struggle for control of fields and villages just outside Jalalabad, one of Afghanistan's biggest and most strategic cities. ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan National Security Forces members jump onto a vehicle after an attack by a suicide squad on the former Afghan intelligence headquarters in the center of Kandahar, Afghanistan, Wednesday, March 12, 2014. Police officials said three insurgents who tried to storm the former headquarters of Afghanistanís intelligence service in southern Kandahar died in a gunbattle with security forces. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)  - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan.

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Afghan National Security Forces members jump onto a vehicle after an attack by a suicide squad on the former Afghan intelligence headquarters in the center of Kandahar, Afghanistan, Wednesday, March 12, 2014. Police officials said three insurgents who tried to storm the former headquarters of Afghanistanís intelligence service in southern Kandahar died in a gunbattle with security forces. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus) - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan. #

Description of  Afghan security personal surround the area after Taliban fighters stormed a government building in Jalalabad, east of Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, May 12, 2014. Taliban fighters stormed a government building in eastern Afghanistan killing police guards on Monday, the most serious in a wave of attacks marking the start of the insurgents' annual spring offensive. In the Taliban heartland in the south, an attack on a police checkpoint in Helmand province killed many policemen. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)

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Afghan security personal surround the area after Taliban fighters stormed a government building in Jalalabad, east of Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, May 12, 2014. Taliban fighters stormed a government building in eastern Afghanistan killing police guards on Monday, the most serious in a wave of attacks marking the start of the insurgents' annual spring offensive. In the Taliban heartland in the south, an attack on a police checkpoint in Helmand province killed many policemen. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul) #

Description of  A U.S. Army carry team moves a transfer case containing the remains of U.S. Army Sergeant Shawn M. Farrell II, as U.S. Army Major Gen. Thomas A. Horlander, U.S. Army Major Dennis Call, and U.S. Air Force Col. Ladd Tremaine salute, Wednesday, April 30, 2014, at Dover Air Force Base, Del. According to the Department of Defense, Farrell, of Accord, N.Y., died while supporting Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)

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A U.S. Army carry team moves a transfer case containing the remains of U.S. Army Sergeant Shawn M. Farrell II, as U.S. Army Major Gen. Thomas A. Horlander, U.S. Army Major Dennis Call, and U.S. Air Force Col. Ladd Tremaine salute, Wednesday, April 30, 2014, at Dover Air Force Base, Del. According to the Department of Defense, Farrell, of Accord, N.Y., died while supporting Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon) #

Description of  In this file photograph taken on March 23, 2014, Afghan mourners offer final prayers over the flag-covered coffins of slain AFP reporter Sardar Ahmad, his wife and their two children during his funeral in Kabul.  Six weeks after surviving a Taliban attack on a Kabul hotel that left his father, mother, brother and sister dead, miracle child Abuzar Ahmad, son of slain AFP reporter Sardar Ahmad, arrived in Canada on April 30, 2014 to start his life anew. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images

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In this file photograph taken on March 23, 2014, Afghan mourners offer final prayers over the flag-covered coffins of slain AFP reporter Sardar Ahmad, his wife and their two children during his funeral in Kabul. Six weeks after surviving a Taliban attack on a Kabul hotel that left his father, mother, brother and sister dead, miracle child Abuzar Ahmad, son of slain AFP reporter Sardar Ahmad, arrived in Canada on April 30, 2014 to start his life anew. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  In this file photograph taken on April 6, 2014, Abuzar Ahmad, the youngest son of slain Afghan AFP reporter Sardar Ahmad, sits in bed during a visit by family members at a local hospital in Kabul.  Six weeks after surviving a Taliban attack on a Kabul hotel that left his father, mother, brother and sister dead, miracle child Abuzar Ahmad arrived in Canada on April 30, 2014 to start his life anew. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images

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In this file photograph taken on April 6, 2014, Abuzar Ahmad, the youngest son of slain Afghan AFP reporter Sardar Ahmad, sits in bed during a visit by family members at a local hospital in Kabul. Six weeks after surviving a Taliban attack on a Kabul hotel that left his father, mother, brother and sister dead, miracle child Abuzar Ahmad arrived in Canada on April 30, 2014 to start his life anew. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  In this Monday, March 17, 2014 photo, Afghan men play cards under a huge election poster showing Abdul Rahim Wardak, Afghanistanís former defense minister, shaking hands with soldiers in Kabul, Afghanistan. Wardak pulled out of the presidential elections, but warlords with a violent past have played a role in influencing Afghan politics since a U.S.-led coalition helped oust the Taliban in 2001. But they are emerging to play an overt political role in next monthís presidential elections as President Hamid Karzai leaves the scene. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)  - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan.

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In this Monday, March 17, 2014 photo, Afghan men play cards under a huge election poster showing Abdul Rahim Wardak, Afghanistanís former defense minister, shaking hands with soldiers in Kabul, Afghanistan. Wardak pulled out of the presidential elections, but warlords with a violent past have played a role in influencing Afghan politics since a U.S.-led coalition helped oust the Taliban in 2001. But they are emerging to play an overt political role in next monthís presidential elections as President Hamid Karzai leaves the scene. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus) - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan. #

Description of  An Afghan villager carries election materials over his shoulders as he hikes back to his village along a country road high in the mountains of Shutul District in northern Afghanistan on April 4, 2014.  Afghans will vote on April 5 in the country's third presidential election to choose a successor to Hamid Karzai, who has led the country since the fall of the Taliban in 2001. SHAH MARAI/AFP/Getty Images

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An Afghan villager carries election materials over his shoulders as he hikes back to his village along a country road high in the mountains of Shutul District in northern Afghanistan on April 4, 2014. Afghans will vote on April 5 in the country's third presidential election to choose a successor to Hamid Karzai, who has led the country since the fall of the Taliban in 2001. SHAH MARAI/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan women queue outside a school to get their registration card on the last day of voter registration for the upcoming presidential elections outside a school in Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday, April 1, 2014. Elections will take place on April 5, 2014. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)  - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan.

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Afghan women queue outside a school to get their registration card on the last day of voter registration for the upcoming presidential elections outside a school in Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday, April 1, 2014. Elections will take place on April 5, 2014. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus) - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan. #

Description of  An Afghan soldier, left, and a police man peek through a window as they queue with others to get their registration card on the last day of voter registration for the upcoming presidential elections outside a school in Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday, April 1, 2014. Elections will take place on April 5, 2014. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus)  - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan.

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An Afghan soldier, left, and a police man peek through a window as they queue with others to get their registration card on the last day of voter registration for the upcoming presidential elections outside a school in Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday, April 1, 2014. Elections will take place on April 5, 2014. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus) - Niedringhaus, 48, was killed and an AP reporter was wounded on Friday, April 4, 2014 when an Afghan policeman opened fire while they were sitting in their car in eastern Afghanistan. #

Description of  Supporters of Afghan presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai wait for his speech during a campaign rally in Kabul, Afghanistan, Thursday, May 22, 2014. The campaign season for the second round of Afghanistan's presidential election kicked off today. (AP Photo/Massoud Hossaini)

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Supporters of Afghan presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai wait for his speech during a campaign rally in Kabul, Afghanistan, Thursday, May 22, 2014. The campaign season for the second round of Afghanistan's presidential election kicked off today. (AP Photo/Massoud Hossaini) #

Description of  Afghan presidential candidate Abdullah Abdullah arrives for a news conference in Kabul, Afghanistan, Wednesday, May 14, 2014. Front-runner Abdullah says that still there is time for the Elections Complain Commission to continue to their assessments ahead of the final election result announcements regarding the concerns over 1433 ballot boxes across the country and this assessment would have impact on the final results. (AP Photo/Massoud Hossaini)

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Afghan presidential candidate Abdullah Abdullah arrives for a news conference in Kabul, Afghanistan, Wednesday, May 14, 2014. Front-runner Abdullah says that still there is time for the Elections Complain Commission to continue to their assessments ahead of the final election result announcements regarding the concerns over 1433 ballot boxes across the country and this assessment would have impact on the final results. (AP Photo/Massoud Hossaini) #

Description of  Afghan presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, center, looks on during a campaign rally in Kabul, Afghanistan, Thursday, May 22, 2014. The campaign season for the second round of Afghanistan's presidential election kicked off today. (AP Photo/Massoud Hossaini)

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Afghan presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, center, looks on during a campaign rally in Kabul, Afghanistan, Thursday, May 22, 2014. The campaign season for the second round of Afghanistan's presidential election kicked off today. (AP Photo/Massoud Hossaini) #

Description of  Afghan schoolgirls holds balloons and flags as they attend an election rally by presidential candidate Abdullah Abdullah in Gardez, capital of eastern Paktia province on May 24, 2014. Afghan presidential candidates Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani will compete in the run-off on June 14 to determine who leads Afghanistan into a new era without the assistance of NATO combat troops to help fight the Taliban insurgency. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images

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Afghan schoolgirls holds balloons and flags as they attend an election rally by presidential candidate Abdullah Abdullah in Gardez, capital of eastern Paktia province on May 24, 2014. Afghan presidential candidates Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani will compete in the run-off on June 14 to determine who leads Afghanistan into a new era without the assistance of NATO combat troops to help fight the Taliban insurgency. WAKIL KOHSAR/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  An Afghan policeman searches a vehicle passenger at a checkpoint in Ghazni province on May 27, 2014. Afghan presidential candidates Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani will compete in a run-off on June 14, to determine who leads Afghanistan into a new era without the assistance of NATO combat troops to help fight the Taliban insurgency. Rahmatullah Alizadah/AFP/Getty Images

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An Afghan policeman searches a vehicle passenger at a checkpoint in Ghazni province on May 27, 2014. Afghan presidential candidates Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani will compete in a run-off on June 14, to determine who leads Afghanistan into a new era without the assistance of NATO combat troops to help fight the Taliban insurgency. Rahmatullah Alizadah/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  In this picture taken on March 16, 2014, Afghan soldiers attached to the 4th Brigade, 201 Army Corps of the Afghan National Army (ANA) walk in the rain in the early evening near blast walls inside at a forward operating base in Khogyani district. In the eastern district of Khogyani, the war against Taliban militants is a day-to-day struggle for control of fields and villages just outside Jalalabad, one of Afghanistan's biggest and most strategic cities. ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP/Getty Images

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In this picture taken on March 16, 2014, Afghan soldiers attached to the 4th Brigade, 201 Army Corps of the Afghan National Army (ANA) walk in the rain in the early evening near blast walls inside at a forward operating base in Khogyani district. In the eastern district of Khogyani, the war against Taliban militants is a day-to-day struggle for control of fields and villages just outside Jalalabad, one of Afghanistan's biggest and most strategic cities. ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Mahdi, 27, a drug addict, is bound in a cell in his 40-day incarceration at the Mia Ali Baba shrine in Jalalabad, Afghanistan, Thursday, May 1, 2014. It is believed locally that 40 days of chaining to a wall with a restricted diet at the 300-year old shrine can cure the mentally ill, drug addicts and those possessed by spirits. If a shrine keeper decides their situation is improving, they may be unchained for a few minutes. However, shrines such as Mia Ali Baba are frowned upon by health care professionals and other critics who say the remedy is ineffective and that those who run the incarceration prey on vulnerable people's religious beliefs and superstitions to make a profit. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)

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Mahdi, 27, a drug addict, is bound in a cell in his 40-day incarceration at the Mia Ali Baba shrine in Jalalabad, Afghanistan, Thursday, May 1, 2014. It is believed locally that 40 days of chaining to a wall with a restricted diet at the 300-year old shrine can cure the mentally ill, drug addicts and those possessed by spirits. If a shrine keeper decides their situation is improving, they may be unchained for a few minutes. However, shrines such as Mia Ali Baba are frowned upon by health care professionals and other critics who say the remedy is ineffective and that those who run the incarceration prey on vulnerable people's religious beliefs and superstitions to make a profit. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul) #

Description of  An Afghan labourer works at an aluminium workshop in Herat on May 27, 2014. Some 100 people work in the Herat Aluminium factory with around around 70 to 100 tons of aluminium produced each month, with most all of its products used domestically. Aref Karimi/AFP/Getty Images

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An Afghan labourer works at an aluminium workshop in Herat on May 27, 2014. Some 100 people work in the Herat Aluminium factory with around around 70 to 100 tons of aluminium produced each month, with most all of its products used domestically. Aref Karimi/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  An Afghan labourer poses at an aluminium workshop in Herat on May 27, 2014. Some 100 people work in the Herat Aluminium factory with around around 70 to 100 tons of aluminium produced each month, with most all of its products used domestically. Aref Karimi/AFP/Getty Images

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An Afghan labourer poses at an aluminium workshop in Herat on May 27, 2014. Some 100 people work in the Herat Aluminium factory with around around 70 to 100 tons of aluminium produced each month, with most all of its products used domestically. Aref Karimi/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan security forces watch a house burn at the site of a clash between insurgents and security forces at the Indian Consulate in Herat, Afghanistan, Friday, May 23, 2014. Gunmen armed with machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades attacked the Indian Consulate in western Afghanistan's Herat province Friday, an assault that injured no diplomatic staff, police said. Indian officials said there had been a threat against its diplomats in Afghanistan, but gave no other details. (AP Photo/Hoshang Hashimi)

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Afghan security forces watch a house burn at the site of a clash between insurgents and security forces at the Indian Consulate in Herat, Afghanistan, Friday, May 23, 2014. Gunmen armed with machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades attacked the Indian Consulate in western Afghanistan's Herat province Friday, an assault that injured no diplomatic staff, police said. Indian officials said there had been a threat against its diplomats in Afghanistan, but gave no other details. (AP Photo/Hoshang Hashimi) #

Description of  An Afghanistan National Army (ANA) soldier fires his weapon at the site of a clash between insurgents and security forces on the Indian Consulate in Herat, Afghanistan, Friday, May 23, 2014. Gunmen armed with machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades attacked the Indian Consulate in western Afghanistan's Herat province Friday, an assault that injured no diplomatic staff, police said. Indian officials said there had been a threat against its diplomats in Afghanistan, but gave no other details. (AP Photo/Hoshang Hashimi)

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An Afghanistan National Army (ANA) soldier fires his weapon at the site of a clash between insurgents and security forces on the Indian Consulate in Herat, Afghanistan, Friday, May 23, 2014. Gunmen armed with machine guns and rocket-propelled grenades attacked the Indian Consulate in western Afghanistan's Herat province Friday, an assault that injured no diplomatic staff, police said. Indian officials said there had been a threat against its diplomats in Afghanistan, but gave no other details. (AP Photo/Hoshang Hashimi) #

Description of  Afghan security policemen stands guard on a rooftop as smoke rises following an attack by insurgents on the Indian consulate in Herat on May 23 ,2014.   Four insurgent gunmen launched a pre-dawn attack on India's consulate in the western Afghan city of Herat on May 23, before being repelled by security forces, in an assault highlighting instability as NATO troops withdraw. There were no casualties among Indian staff but at least two policemen were wounded when the heavily-armed attackers stormed a house close to the consulate and opened fire on the building. Aref Karimi/AFP/Getty Images

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Afghan security policemen stands guard on a rooftop as smoke rises following an attack by insurgents on the Indian consulate in Herat on May 23 ,2014. Four insurgent gunmen launched a pre-dawn attack on India's consulate in the western Afghan city of Herat on May 23, before being repelled by security forces, in an assault highlighting instability as NATO troops withdraw. There were no casualties among Indian staff but at least two policemen were wounded when the heavily-armed attackers stormed a house close to the consulate and opened fire on the building. Aref Karimi/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  A sand storm approaches Camp Bastion from the west on May 16, 2014 in Afghanistan. Within an hour the worst of the storm had passed. (Photo by Cpl Daniel Wiepen RLC/Ministry of Defence Crown via Getty Images)

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A sand storm approaches Camp Bastion from the west on May 16, 2014 in Afghanistan. Within an hour the worst of the storm had passed. (Photo by Cpl Daniel Wiepen RLC/Ministry of Defence Crown via Getty Images) #

Description of  An Afghan farmer and child work on a wheat field in the outskirts of Jalalabad on May 9, 2014. Only about 15 percent of Afghanistan's land, mostly in scattered valleys, is suitable for farming with about 6 percent of the land actually cultivated with wheat being the most important crop. Noorullah Shirzada/AFP/Getty Images

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An Afghan farmer and child work on a wheat field in the outskirts of Jalalabad on May 9, 2014. Only about 15 percent of Afghanistan's land, mostly in scattered valleys, is suitable for farming with about 6 percent of the land actually cultivated with wheat being the most important crop. Noorullah Shirzada/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan wrestlers compete at an outdoor arena in the northern town of Mazar-i-Sharif on April 29, 2014. Wrestling is a popular sport in Afghanistan, and is traditionally practiced among poorer members of Afghan society. FARSHAD USYAN/AFP/Getty Images

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Afghan wrestlers compete at an outdoor arena in the northern town of Mazar-i-Sharif on April 29, 2014. Wrestling is a popular sport in Afghanistan, and is traditionally practiced among poorer members of Afghan society. FARSHAD USYAN/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan policemen search a motorcyclist at a checkpoint in Ghazni province on May 27, 2014. Afghan presidential candidates Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani will compete in a run-off on June 14, to determine who leads Afghanistan into a new era without the assistance of NATO combat troops to help fight the Taliban insurgency. Rahmatullah Alizadah/AFP/Getty Images

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Afghan policemen search a motorcyclist at a checkpoint in Ghazni province on May 27, 2014. Afghan presidential candidates Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani will compete in a run-off on June 14, to determine who leads Afghanistan into a new era without the assistance of NATO combat troops to help fight the Taliban insurgency. Rahmatullah Alizadah/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  Afghan presidential candidate Abdullah Abdullah, center, back to camera, arrives at a campaign rally in Paktiya province, east of Kabul, Afghanistan, Saturday, May 24, 2014. The campaign season for the second round of Afghanistan's presidential election kicked off on Thursday. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)

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Afghan presidential candidate Abdullah Abdullah, center, back to camera, arrives at a campaign rally in Paktiya province, east of Kabul, Afghanistan, Saturday, May 24, 2014. The campaign season for the second round of Afghanistan's presidential election kicked off on Thursday. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul) #

Description of  An injured Afghan security personnel watches during an attack by insurgents on the Indian consulate in Herat on May 23 ,2014.   Four insurgent gunmen launched a pre-dawn attack on India's consulate in the western Afghan city of Herat on May 23, before being repelled by security forces, in an assault highlighting instability as NATO troops withdraw. There were no casualties among Indian staff but at least two policemen were wounded when the heavily-armed attackers stormed a house close to the consulate and opened fire on the building. Aref Karimi/AFP/Getty Images

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An injured Afghan security personnel watches during an attack by insurgents on the Indian consulate in Herat on May 23 ,2014. Four insurgent gunmen launched a pre-dawn attack on India's consulate in the western Afghan city of Herat on May 23, before being repelled by security forces, in an assault highlighting instability as NATO troops withdraw. There were no casualties among Indian staff but at least two policemen were wounded when the heavily-armed attackers stormed a house close to the consulate and opened fire on the building. Aref Karimi/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  In this picture taken on March 17, 2014, the Afghan national flag flutters in the wind behind barbed wire at a forward operating base where soldiers attached to the 4th Brigade, 201 Army Corps of the Afghan National Army (ANA) live in Khogyani district. In the eastern district of Khogyani, the war against Taliban militants is a day-to-day struggle for control of fields and villages just outside Jalalabad, one of Afghanistan's biggest and most strategic cities. ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP/Getty Images

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In this picture taken on March 17, 2014, the Afghan national flag flutters in the wind behind barbed wire at a forward operating base where soldiers attached to the 4th Brigade, 201 Army Corps of the Afghan National Army (ANA) live in Khogyani district. In the eastern district of Khogyani, the war against Taliban militants is a day-to-day struggle for control of fields and villages just outside Jalalabad, one of Afghanistan's biggest and most strategic cities. ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP/Getty Images #

Description of  President Barack Obama gets a briefing by Marine General Joseph Dunford, commander of the US-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), right, after arriving at Bagram Air Field for an unannounced visit, on Sunday, May 25, 2014, north of Kabul, Afghanistan. (AP Photo/ Evan Vucci)

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President Barack Obama gets a briefing by Marine General Joseph Dunford, commander of the US-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), right, after arriving at Bagram Air Field for an unannounced visit, on Sunday, May 25, 2014, north of Kabul, Afghanistan. (AP Photo/ Evan Vucci) #

Description of  US President Barack Obama addresses US troops during a surprise visit to Bagram Air Field, north of Kabul, in Afghanistan, May 25, 2014, prior to the Memorial Day holiday. SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images

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US President Barack Obama addresses US troops during a surprise visit to Bagram Air Field, north of Kabul, in Afghanistan, May 25, 2014, prior to the Memorial Day holiday. SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images

   

Monday, June 2, 2014

Mystery:Black Dahlia case be about to be solved?

 

 

 

 

Could the infamous Black Dahlia case be about to be solved? Cadaver dog discovers death scent at Hollywood home of suspect 66 years after the horrific murder

  • The severely mutilated body of Elizabeth Short was discovered in 1947
  • The case remains one of the oldest unsolved murder cases in L.A. history
  • Steve Hodel believes his father killed the Black Dahlia at the family home and later fled the country
  • A Cadaver dog has discovered the faint trace of human remains in the basement and soil samples are being tested

A former LAPD detective who believes his father killed the Black Dahlia believes a cadaver dog's search of his old Hollywood home has turned up the scent of the woman who was killed 66 years ago.

The shocking murder of Elizabeth Short, known as the Black Dahlia, is one of the oldest unsolved murder cases in Los Angeles history.

On Jan. 15, 1947, Short's severely mutilated body was discovered in a vacant lot near the intersection of 39th Street and Norton Avenue in South Los Angeles. 

Black Dahlia: A head shot of Elizabeth Short who had been an aspiring actress until her untimely murder

Black Dahlia: A head shot of Elizabeth Short who had been an aspiring actress until her untimely murder

The body of Elizabeth Short had been severed at the waist and completely drained of blood, her face had also been slashed from the corners of her mouth toward her ears

The body of Elizabeth Short had been severed at the waist and completely drained of blood, her face had also been slashed from the corners of her mouth toward her ears

The body of Elizabeth Short, 22, had been severed at the waist and completely drained of blood. Her face had been slashed from the corners of her mouth toward her ears, creating an effect known as a Glasgow smile.

Short also had multiple cuts on her thigh and breasts, where entire portions of flesh had been removed. The body had been washed and cleaned and had been ‘posed’ with her hands over her head, her elbows bent at right angles, and her legs spread.

The gruesome murder generated masses of media interest at the time. The newspapers of the day, which had a habit of nicknaming colorful crimes, started referring to Short as the Black Dahlia after the then popular film The Blue Dahlia.

To add to the case’s sense of mystery and intrigue, both LAPD officials and newspaper editors received taunting notes believed to be from Short's killer.

Steve Hodel, right, with cadaver dog handler Paul Dostie, and Buster, searched the Sowden/Franklin House at 5121 Franklin Ave., Hollywood for evidence that the Black Dahlia Murder took place there

Steve Hodel, right, with cadaver dog handler Paul Dostie, and Buster, searched the Sowden/Franklin House at 5121 Franklin Ave., Hollywood for evidence that the Black Dahlia Murder took place there

Sowden house, 1940

dr-george-hodel.jpg

Sowden House, the potential murder scene and Dr George Hodel, who was a suspect in the original investigation and who Steve Hodel believes is responsible for the murder of the Black Dahlia

The Los Angeles District Attorney office drew up a list of 25 people it considered viable suspects, although as many as 60 people have confessed to the murder at one time or another.

In his 2003 book ‘Black Dahlia Avenger,’ Steve Hodel first made the claim that his father, a doctor, was responsible for the murder.

George Hodel had been a suspect in the original case and investigators had even planted a bug in the house to listen for incriminating admissions. But before authorities brought charges, Dr. Hodel abruptly abandoned his family and relocated to Asia. He died in 1991.

Steve Hodel believes his father killed the Black Dahlia at the family’s then home, the distinctive ‘Sowden House’ in Hollywood, which is largely unchanged and looks the same as it did at the time of the murder.

Elizabeth Short's mutilated body was found in a vacant lot near a busy intersection on the southwest section of L.A. in 1947

Elizabeth Short's mutilated body was found in a vacant lot near a busy intersection on the southwest section of L.A. in 1947

Not long before her death, Short was arrested in Santa Barbara for underage drinking and this police mugshot was taken

Not long before her death, Short was arrested in Santa Barbara for underage drinking and this police mugshot was taken

Hodel was also able to establish that he and his siblings had been away with their mother at that time.

When the opportunity arose for Hodel to return to his childhood home, he jumped at the chance after producers of the SyFy Channel’s Ghost Hunters program arranged it with the current owners.

Last November Hodel, together with retired police Sgt. Paul Dostie of Mammoth Lakes and Buster, a Labrador retriever trained to detect the unique smell of human composition, visited the property.

Once let loose, Buster quickly established four locations in the basement where he could pick up a faint trace of human remains. 

The basement had never been finished and since the floor was still dirt, soil samples were taken.
Hodel is awaiting the results of those samples, which might once and for all confirm who killed the Black Dahlia.

Steve Hodel's solution to the

Steve Hodel's solution to the "Black Dahlia" cold case won acclaim a decade ago. But Hodel continued his search for evidence, and returned to the location where he believes Elizabeth Short was killed. Patrick Healy reports for the NBC4 News at 11 p.m. on Feb. 1, 2013.

Steve Hodel cannot let go.

And so he returned to a distinctive Hollywood mansion with another retired cop, Paul Dostie, and Dostie's search dog, Buster. Hodel had a mission for them.

In his book "Black Dahlia Avenger," the longtime LAPD detective and best-selling author convinced many skeptics that he had solved the gruesome 1947 murder that perhaps became LA's most notorious cold case.

The body of Elizabeth Short, 22, had been severed in two with surgical skill and technique, leading investigators to conclude early on that the killer likely had medical school training.

That killer, Steve Hodel ultimately concluded, was his late father, George Hodel, MD.

What's more, because there was no trace of blood in the empty Leimert Park lot where the remains were found, detectives realized she must have been killed elsewhere.

That elsewhere, Hodel concluded, was the landmark Hollywood mansion where Dr. Hodel made his home, the distinctive "Sowden House" designed on a Mayan theme by famed second-generation architect Lloyd Wright.

Steve Hodel lived there as a child. As he looked into the case, he was able to determine from records that he and his siblings were away with their mother at the time of the Black Dahlia murder.

Hodel marshaled considerable evidence, which was later corroborated after "Black Dahlia Avenger" was published, when the District Attorney Steve Cooley agreed to reopen decades-old case files.

Right at the top was a picture of Dr. Hodel; it turns out he had been the principal suspect. Investigators had even planted a bug in the house to listen for incriminating admissions. But before authorities brought charges, Dr. Hodel abruptly abandoned his family and relocated to Asia.

The likes of Steve Kay, then a head Deputy DA, concluded that Steve Hodel had made the case against his father.

But that wasn't good enough for Steve Hodel, who has continued seeking more evidence in hopes of convincing his former employer, the LAPD, to declare the case officially solved.

So when the opportunity arose to return to the Sowden house with Dostie and Buster, Hodel took it.

The arrangements with the current ownership had been made by producers of a segment for the "Ghost Hunters" program on the SyFy Channel.

Hodel knew that the sounds of blows and a woman's screams had been heard coming from the basement, according to the transcript of what police heard through the bug. The basement had never been finished and when Hodel, Dostie and the SyFy crew went there last November, the floor was still dirt.

With his keen sense of smell, Buster alerted in four locations, indicating he had picked up the scent of human decomposition, faint traces of which can remain for decades, Dostie said.

But is it corroboration? Dostie cannot say for sure. The decomposition of human tissue that Buster detected did not necessarily originate in the basement.

With the house on a slope, it is possible traces may have migrated downslope from the hillside lot above. Labwork may be able to pin down the possibilities. Hodel is waiting for the results.

Dostie and Buster have moved on to other searches, Buster hardly losing a step despite the fact that the black lab was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer in a hind leg, which had to be amputated.

 

Former LAPD detective claims to have new evidence his own surgeon FATHER was the Black Dahlia murderer

  • Crime author Steve Hodel claims his father was the Black Dahlia murderer
  • The infamous slaying and mutilation of Elizabeth Short aka The Black Dahlia in 1947 has never been solved
  • Hodel says he has new evidence that links his father to the crime
  • Dr George Hodel was a suspect in the case when he skipped town

A crime author and former LAPD homicide detective claims to have new evidence that proves his own father was behind one of Hollywood's most infamous murder cases, the Black Dahlia murder of 1947.

Steve Hodel details evidence in his new book, Black Dahlia Avenger II, that he says implicates his father, a prominent LA surgeon of the time, in the gruesome unsolved slaying.

According to the author, his father Dr George Hodel was a suspect in the case when he skipped town, never to return.

Aspiring actress: Elizabeth Short in a head-shot taken shortly before she was brutally murdered

Aspiring actress: Elizabeth Short in a head-shot taken shortly before she was brutally murdered

Horrific murder: Short's body was found mutilated, severed at the waist and with ligature marks on her neck, wrists and ankles, near a busy LA intersection

Horrific murder: Short's body was found mutilated, severed at the waist and with ligature marks on her neck, wrists and ankles, near a busy LA intersection

Steve Hodel claimed earlier this year that his father killed Elizabeth Short at the family's Hollywood home, the distinctive Sowden House, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright's son, Lloyd Wright, which is largely unchanged since the murder.

He established that he and his siblings had been away with their mother at the time of the murder.

Last November Hodel, together with retired police Sergeant Paul Dostie of Mammoth Lakes and Buster, a Labrador retriever trained to detect the unique smell of human composition, visited the property.

Once let loose, Buster quickly established four locations in the basement where he could pick up a faint trace of human remains.

Sensationalized: This haunting photograph is a mugshot of murder victim Elizabeth Short taken when she was arrested for underage drinking in 1943

Colorful past: This haunting photograph is a mugshot of murder victim Elizabeth Short taken when she was arrested for underage drinking in 1943

On January 15, 1947, 22-year-old aspiring actress Elizabeth Short's severely mutilated body was discovered in a vacant lot near the intersection of 39th Street and Norton Avenue in Leimert Park, South Los Angeles.

Sensationalized: The case of Elizabeth Short, nicknamed the Black Dahlia in the media, has fascinated people for decades. Now crime author and retired LAPD homicide detective, Steve Hodel, claims to have proof his father was the murderer

Sensationalized: Crime author Steve Hodel, claims to have proof his father was the murderer in the Black Dahlia case that has fascinated the public for decades

Her body had been cut clean in half at the waist and completely drained of blood. Her internal organs had been removed. Her face had been slashed from the corners of her mouth to her ears and she had ligature marks on her wrists, neck and ankles. 

Short also had multiple cuts on her thigh and breasts, where entire portions of flesh had been removed. The body had been washed and cleaned and ‘posed’ with her hands over her head, her elbows bent at right angles, and her legs spread.

A woman out walking with her daughter discovered the body, which she initially took for a discarded shop mannequin.The horrific murder generated huge media interest, and it's been said that the media, which coined the colorful name Black Dahlia, was partly responsible for the inability of police to solve the case. Reporters trampled over evidence and withheld tips in order to score a 'scoop'.

To add to the case’s sensational intrigue, both LAPD officials and newspaper editors received taunting notes and personal possessions of Short's, believed to be from Short's killer.

Interest in the case hasn't waned over the decades. Numerous film and television productions have been based on the case, and the 2006 film directed by Brian De Palma and starring Josh Hartnett and Scarlett Johanssen renewed the public's fascination with the mystery of the Black Dahlia.

Signature: Hodel says his father idolized painter Man Ray and left a distinctive Man Ray-esque marking on the body of Elizabeth Short

Signature: Hodel says his father idolized painter Man Ray and left a distinctive Man Ray-esque marking on the body of Elizabeth Short

Skipped town: LA surgeon Dr George Hodel reportedly skipped town before he could be arrested in connection with the murder of Elizabeth Smart

Skipped town: LA surgeon Dr George Hodel reportedly skipped town before he could be arrested in connection with the murder of Elizabeth Smart

Crimes of the father: Steve Hodel with a copy of his 2003 book 'Black Dahlia Avenger'

Steve Hodel

Sins of the father: Steve Hodel with a copy of his 2003 book 'Black Dahlia Avenger' (left) and speaking about his latest book (right)

In Steve Hodel's new book, he claims his six-year investigation into the case has unearthed brand new findings that implicate his father in the sadistic killing, including discounting several urban myths surrounding the case, physical evidence the murder took place at Sowden House and connecting the murderer to the vacant lot where the body was dumped, and evidence only a surgeon could have bisected the victim's body.

Lost daughter: Elizabeth Short pictured with her mother, Phoebe May Short

Lost daughter: Elizabeth Short pictured with her mother, Phoebe May Short

'This is new information that I've discovered, and the LAPD is unaware of this evidence,' Steve Hodel told KLTV.

Among the many claims in the book, Hodel says his father idolized his friend, the painter Man Ray. A distinctive cross-hatching appeared in many of Man Ray which Hodel says also appeared on the corpse of Elizabeth Short.

'Her body was his canvas and his scalpel was his paintbrush,' said Hodel.

The book also contains full transcripts from bugging devices the police planted in Dr Hodel's home and office, in which he makes multiple highly incriminating statements.

'Supposin' I did kill the Black Dahlia. They couldn't prove it now. They can't talk to my secretary anymore because she's dead... They thought there was something fishy. Anyway, now they may have figured it out. Killed her. Maybe I did kill my secretary...' George Hodel is recorded saying in 1950.

Steve Hodel first made the claim that his father was the Black Dahlia murderer in his 2003 book Black Dahlia Avenger.

Dr Hodel, who was also investigated in connection with his secretary's death-by-overdose and faced sexual abuse claims from his 15-year-old daughter, was only one of 25 viable suspects the LAPD was investigating.

More than 60 people have confessed to the crime at various times. 

Film fodder: A fictionalized version of the Black Dahlia starring Scarlett Johanssen and Aaron Eckhart, with Mia Kirschner as Elizabeth Short

Film fodder: A fictionalized version of the Black Dahlia starring Scarlett Johanssen and Aaron Eckhart, with Mia Kirschner as Elizabeth Short

Hodel remains, along with Walter Bayley, Norman Chandler, Leslie Dillon, Joseph A Dumais, Mark Hansen, George Hill Hodel, George Knowlton, Robert M 'Red' Manley, Patrick S O'Reilly, and Jack Anderson Wilson (aka Arnold Smith) a suspect in the case.

Before authorities could bring any charges against the surgeon, Dr Hodel abruptly abandoned his family and relocated to Asia. He died in 1991.

The LAPD has yet to respond to Hodel's claims to have solved the murder, but Commander Andy Smith told KLTV, 'We periodically receive pieces of information that come in on old cases. This is an active case. We take everything seriously until it can be fully investigated.'

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

My father killed the Black Dahlia and NINE other women, claims retired detective who says he's discovered his dad's a serial killer

 
     
  • Steve Hodel believes his father was responsible for as many as ten unsolved Hollywood murders from the 1940s
  • In the past he has put forward the compelling case that George Hodel was the man responsible for the infamous Black Dahlia murder
  • The severely mutilated body of Elizabeth Short was discovered in 1947
  • The case remains one of the oldest unsolved murder cases in L.A. history
  • A cadaver dog discovered the faint trace of human remains in the basement of the Hodel's Hollywood home
  • Those soil samples contain human remains which could well date from the 1940s
  • Hodel believe the samples could include the remains of actress Jean Spangler, whose purse was discovered not far from the Hodel home

 

A retired LAPD detective, who has claimed for years that his father was responsible for the infamous Black Dahlia murder, has unveiled fresh new evidence which he says links his dad to as many as ten other unsolved Hollywood murders from the 1940s.

Since retiring as a cop, Steve Hodel has written about unsolved crimes and it was in his 2003 book Black Dahlia Avenger, that he first made the claims that his father George Hodel, a doctor, was the killer.

In November 2012, Hodel was able to visit his childhood home in L.A. with a cadaver dog who picked up faint traces of human remains in four locations in the basement.

WARNING: GRAPHIC CONTENT

The shocking murder of Elizabeth Short, known as the Black Dahlia, is one of the oldest unsolved murder cases in Los Angeles history   Retired LAPD detective Steve Hodel has unveiled fresh evidence which he says links his dad to as many as ten other unsolved Hollywood murders from the 1940s    

 

Retired LAPD detective Steve Hodel, who has claimed for years that his father was responsible for the infamous Black Dahlia murder, has unveiled fresh evidence which he says links his dad to as many as ten other unsolved Hollywood murders from the 1940s

Now chemical analysis of soil taken from the home has added further support to Hodel’s suspicions about his late father.

‘I see him as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,’ Hodel told NBCLA. ‘Unfortunately, the monster, Mr. Hyde, was stronger and over-ruled the good.’

He believes his father may well have been a serial killer responsible for as many as 10 long-unsolved slayings of young women in Los Angeles in the 1940s. 

Since retiring, Hodel has devoted his time to researching unsolved crimes in which he believes his father may have been involved.

Sowden house, 1940   dr-george-hodel.jpg    

 

Sowden House, the potential murder scene and Dr George Hodel, who was a suspect in the original investigation and who Steve Hodel believes is responsible for the murder of the Black Dahlia and others

After his father’s death in 1991, Hodel came across evidence that he believe implicated his dad in the infamous 1947 dismemberment murder of Elizabeth Short - aka the Black Dahlia.

George Hodel was one of countless suspects in the high profile murder case. The police even planted a listening bug at the distinctive Sowden House in the Hollywood foothills, where the family lived.

Transcripts reveal that detectives heard Hodel discussing the Dahlia case at one point, while another time they picked up noises from the basement which sounded like a woman being attacked.

Hodel’s father fled to Asia in the late 1940s, leaving his family behind.

Steve Hodel had long believed that his father committed murders in or near the house, and in some cases buried the remains nearby.

While Elizabeth Short’s remains were all accounted for, Hodel has a list of unsolved murder victims that he believes his father could have killed.

Black Dahlia: The body of Elizabeth Short had been severed at the waist and completely drained of blood, her face had also been slashed from the corners of her mouth toward her ears

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Black Dahlia: The body of Elizabeth Short had been severed at the waist and completely drained of blood, her face had also been slashed from the corners of her mouth toward her ears

Actress Jean Spangler, then 26, vanished in 1949, although her purse was discovered not far from the Hodel home   According to forensic anthropologist Arpad Vass, PhD, the samples are 'consistent' with Steve Hodel's theory of homicide victims buried in shallow graves 70-80 years ago    

 

Steve Hodel believes actress Jean Spangler, left, may have been a victim of his 'serial killer' father, while forensic anthropologist Arpad Vass, says the samples taken from the Hodel residence could be from the same time period

Top of his list is the actress Jean Spangler, then 26, who vanished in 1949. Her body was never found, although her purse was discovered not far from the Hodel home.

A note inside hinted that she was considering having an abortion, then illegal. Dr. Hodel was one of the few physicians who then performed abortions in Los Angeles.

In his research, Steve Hodel discovered that Spangler and his father had a mutual friend.

In November 2012, Hodel, together with retired police Sgt. Paul Dostie and Buster, a Labrador retriever trained to detect the unique smell of human composition, visited his childhood home.

Once let loose, Buster quickly established four locations in the basement where he could pick up a faint trace of human remains.

Hodel talks about the emotional impact of "Black Dahlia" on his...

Steve Hodel, right, with cadaver dog handler Paul Dostie, and Buster, searched the Sowden/Franklin House at 5121 Franklin Ave., Hollywood for evidence in November 2012

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Steve Hodel, right, with cadaver dog handler Paul Dostie, and Buster, searched the Sowden/Franklin House at 5121 Franklin Ave., Hollywood for evidence in November 2012

The basement had never been finished and since the floor was still dirt, soil samples were taken.

According to forensic anthropologist Arpad Vass, PhD, a pioneer in chemical analysis of human decomposition, those samples are 'consistent' with Steve Hodel's theory of homicide victims buried in shallow graves 70-80 years ago.

'The soil came up positive for human remains because there are a number of human specific markers,' said Vass from his laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Hodel would like to search further for the human remains, but has been unable to get permission to go onto the privately owned hillside.

THE BLACK DAHLIA: HOLLYWOOD'S OLDEST UNSOLVED MURDER CASE

The shocking murder of Elizabeth Short, known as the Black Dahlia, is one of the oldest unsolved murder cases in Los Angeles history.

On Jan. 15, 1947, Short's severely mutilated body was discovered in a vacant lot near the intersection of 39th Street and Norton Avenue in South Los Angeles.

The body had been severed at the waist and completely drained of blood. Her face had been slashed from the corners of her mouth toward her ears, creating an effect known as a ‘Glasgow smile’.

Not long before her death, Short was arrested in Santa Barbara for underage drinking and this police mugshot was taken

Not long before her death, Short was arrested in Santa Barbara for underage drinking and this police mugshot was taken

Short, 22, also had multiple cuts on her thigh and breasts, where entire portions of flesh had been removed. The body had been washed and cleaned and had been ‘posed’ with her hands over her head, her elbows bent at right angles, and her legs spread.

The gruesome murder generated masses of media interest at the time. The newspapers of the day, which had a habit of nicknaming colorful crimes, started referring to Short as the Black Dahlia after the then popular film The Blue Dahlia.

To add to the case’s sense of mystery and intrigue, both LAPD officials and newspaper editors received taunting notes believed to be from Short's killer.

The Los Angeles District Attorney office drew up a list of 25 people it considered viable suspects, although as many as 60 people have confessed to the murder at one time or another.

Elizabeth Short's mutilated body was found in a vacant lot near a busy intersection on the southwest section of L.A. in 1947

Elizabeth Short's mutilated body was found in a vacant lot near a busy intersection on the southwest section of L.A. in 1947

In his 2003 book ‘Black Dahlia Avenger,’ Steve Hodel first made the claim that his father, a doctor, was responsible for the murder.

George Hodel had been a suspect in the original case and investigators had even planted a bug in the house to listen for incriminating admissions. But before authorities brought charges, Dr. Hodel abruptly abandoned his family and relocated to Asia. He died in 1991.

Steve Hodel believes his father killed the Black Dahlia at the family’s then home, the distinctive Sowden House in Hollywood, which is largely unchanged and looks the same as it did at the time of the murder.

Hodel was also able to establish that he and his siblings had been away with their mother at that time.

 

Man who claimed to be the Boston Strangler officially named as the notorious killer after DNA tests 'prove' he carried out the grisly murders 49 years later

  • Albert DeSalvo confessed to the killings but was never prosecuted
  • Semen found on the body of Mary Sullivan, 19, who was thought to be the Boston Strangler's final victim in 1964, was tested and showed DNA believed to belong to DeSalvo
  • DeSalvo was stabbed to death in prison in 1973, aged 42, while serving a life sentence for robbery and sexual assault
  • Authorities are digging up his body this week to prove beyond any doubt that his DNA matches the sample and is guilty in the slaying
  • If proven guilty, it strongly suggests he was in fact the Boston Strangler, as per his confession
  • Man strangled victims with nylon stockings then tied them in 'frog-like' positions and 'had relations' with their dead or unconscious bodies

The body of a notorious criminal who confessed to being 'The Boston Strangler' will be dug up this week so scientists can prove beyond any doubt that he raped and murdered 19-year-old Mary Sullivan in 1964 after an incredible breakthrough in the cold case.

It was widely thought Sullivan was the last of 11 women murdered by the Strangler nearly 50 years ago after Albert DeSalvo confessed to the killings, and an additional two murders, in the 1960s. But he was never prosecuted.

Authorities today revealed they believe with 99.9 per cent certainty that DeSalvo, who was stabbed to death in Walpole state prison in November 1973, was the killer after semen found on Sullivan's body and on a blanket discovered nearby was linked to him.

While similar DNA evidence is unavailable for the other 10 victims, if found guilty of slaying Sullivan, it strongly suggests DeSalvo was the Boston Strangler, as per his confession, because of the blinding similarities in the murders.

Boston Strangler: Self-admitted Boston Strangler Albert DeSalvo, pictured left in 1967, has reportedly been charged in the murder of Mary Sullivan, right Victims: This picture shows eight of the women strangled to death in the spree. From top left to bottom right: Rachel Lazarus, Helen E. Blake, Ida Irga, Mrs. J. Delaney,  

Boston Strangler: Self-admitted Boston Strangler Albert DeSalvo, pictured left in 1967, has reportedly been charged in the murder of Mary Sullivan, right

New evidence: Albert DeSalvo, pictured in 1968, has reportedly been charged in the slaying of Mary Sullivan, 19, in 1964

New evidence: Albert DeSalvo, pictured in 1968, has reportedly been charged in the slaying of Mary Sullivan, 19, in 1964

Police close to breakthrough in Boston Strangler case

After numerous failed attempts to make sense of the DNA samples found on Sullivan in the past, scientists were finally able this year to implicate a suspect - a white male - through advancements in technology.

Detectives with the Boston Police Department then conducted undercover surveillance of DeSalvo's family members and retrieved a discarded water bottle from one of the man's nephews. They tested DNA from fingerprints and it proved a familial similarity to the DNA found on the victim. DeSalvo's body, which has been buried for some 40 years, will be exhumed this week and his remains will be sent to the chief medical examiner's office where DNA samples will be collected and sent off for testing. Results should prove once and for all whether he murdered Sullivan.

Suffolk District Attorney Daniel F. Conley, Boston Police Commissioner Edward Davis and Attorney General Martha Coakley announced the 'major development' at a press conference this morning and officials met with relatives of the women murdered by the Strangler today. Davis said: 'The ability to provide closure to a family after fifty years is just a remarkable thing.' 

DeSalvo cannot be charged but the authorities hoped the breakthrough would bring closure to at least the Sullivan family, some five decades after their loved one was senselessly murdered.

Victims: This picture shows eight of the women strangled to death in the spree. From top left to bottom right: Rachel Lazarus, Helen E. Blake, Ida Irga, Mrs. J. Delaney,

Victims: This picture shows eight of the women strangled to death in the spree. From top left to bottom right: Rachel Lazarus, Helen E. Blake, Ida Irga, Mrs. J. Delaney, Patricia Bissette, Daniela M. Saunders, Mary A. Sullivan, Mrs. Israel Goldberg

Killed: DeSalvo was stabbed to death in prison in 1973, aged 42

Killed: DeSalvo was stabbed to death in prison in 1973, aged 42

Before his death, DeSalvo, a blue collar worker and Army veteran who was married with children, admitted he was the Strangler who terrorized the greater Boston area in the 1960s, killing 11 women.

But he was never prosecuted for the heinous crimes, according to The Boston Globe, because of a deal negotiated with then-Attorney General Edward Brooke and DeSalvo's attorney, F. Lee Bailey.

He was brutally murdered in prison, aged 42, while serving a life sentence for armed robbery and sexual assault in a separate series of 'non-fatal' attacks on women.

Authorities said today that no DNA evidence exists for any of the Strangler's 10 other victims. This means that a similar definitive link is unlikely in those cases. Until now, DeSalvo's confession was the only evidence in the fascinating case, allowing room for the community, and even some high up in the police department, to doubt whether he was in fact responsible.

As recently as 2012, Brooke cast doubt over whether DeSalvo was in fact the Boston Strangler.

'Even to this day, I can't say with certainty that the person who ultimately was designated as the Boston Strangler was the Boston Strangler,' Brooke told the Globe last year.

DeSalvo's surviving relatives and Casey Sherman, the nephew of Mary Sullivan, organized DNA testing a decade ago on Sullivan's remains but the technology at the time meant it was not possible to get a usable sample. At that point, authorities decided to halt testing, which destroys the evidence, until advancements in technology were strong enough to get a result.

family

Family: In this undated black and white file photo, Diane Dodd, left, and son Casey Sherman hold a photo in Rockland, Massachusetts, of Dodd's sister Mary Sullivan, who was found strangled in January 1964 and is believed to have been the last victim of the Boston Strangler

Those breakthroughs occured last year and the cold case was reopened with two of six remaining semen samples sent to two difficent labs. Both came back with the same results. A sample from Sullivan's body showed the unique genetic profile of two people - the teen herself and a white male - while a sample from a blanket showed DNA of the same white male.

Police then searched high and low for anything that would still have DeSalvo's DNA on it. They attempted to get a sample from a pair of letters he wrote to the parole board but failed.

However, thanks to the new technology they knew they could use DNA from one of DeSalvo's male descendents instead as the Y chromosomes among men of the same family are as good as identical.

Anna Slesers, a 55-year-old Latvian seamstress, was the Boston Strangler's first victim.

She was found dead in her Gainsborough Street apartment by her son on June 14, 1962. Sullivan was the last. The teen had moved from her Cape Cod home to Boston just three days before her death.

DeSalvo was pinpointed as the killer when he confessed to the string of strangling deaths to his cellmate, George Nassar.

Exhumed: The body of DeSalvo, pictured, will be exhumed from his Boston grave this week and his DNA tested

Exhumed: The body of DeSalvo, pictured, will be exhumed from his Boston grave this week and his DNA tested

Nassar told DeSalvo's defense lawyer Bailey, who struck a deal with Brooke which outline that DeSalvo wouldn't be prosecuted if he admitted he was the Strangler.

At his robbery and sexual assault trial in 1967, Bailey said DeSalvo was consumed by 'one of the most crushing sexual drives that psychiatric science has ever encountered.

'Thirteen acts of homicide by a completely uncontrollable vegetable walking around in a human body,' he said in opening his defense, according to The Boston Globe archives.

His psychiatrist, Dr. James A. Brussel, testified that he was suffering from 'schizophrenia of the paranoid type.'

He said each of DeSalvo's alleged slaying would be preceded by a night during which would be tormented 'with a burning up inside... Like little fires. Like little explosions.'

According to the article, Dr. Brussel testified that DeSalvo told him he killed his victims with nylon stockings.

'He tied the victims up usually with scarves or stockings, the stockings being the terminal means by which, though unconsciousness had of course, ensured, the terminal means by which life ended,' he said.

He added the victims were tied 'in a frog-like position,' and that DeSalvo had relations with the dead or unconscious body.

HOW DECADES-OLD DNA PROVED A KILLER: TIMELINE SHOWS EVENTS LEADING UP TO POLICE FINALLY IDENTIFYING 'THE BOSTON STRANGLER'

Jan. 4, 1964 – Mary Sullivan, 19, the last of the 11 victims, found murdered in her apartment in the Beacon Hill section of Boston.

1965 – Albert DeSalvo, a factory worker being held on unrelated charges, confesses to the Strangler's 11 killings and two others. He never is charged with them.

1973 – DeSalvo killed in prison by another inmate.

July 1999 – Boston police reopen the Strangler case, hoping to use DNA technology to analyze evidence from the crimes.

Sept. 14, 2000 – The DeSalvo and Sullivan families sue local and state authorities in Massachusetts to force investigators to turn over crime scene evidence they say will prove DeSalvo's innocence.

Oct. 14, 2000 – Sullivan's remains exhumed for DNA testing.

Oct. 20, 2000 – Massachusetts Attorney General Thomas Reilly says his office will do new DNA tests on evidence from Sullivan's slaying.

Oct. 26, 2001 – DeSalvo's body exhumed for DNA testing.

Dec. 6, 2001 – Forensic scientists announce that DNA evidence taken from Sullivan's body does not match DeSalvo's DNA.

Dec. 24, 2001 – Judge says state doesn't need to share forensic evidence with the DeSalvo and Sullivan families because the investigation into the killings remains open.

July 11, 2013 – Suffolk District Attorney Daniel Conley says advances in DNA technology have allowed investigators to link DeSalvo to Sullivan's killing. Conley says the DNA produced a "familial match" with DeSalvo, and he expects an exact match once DeSalvo's remains are re-exhumed.